turbopack_ecmascript/references/

mod.rs

pub mod amd;
pub mod async_module;
pub mod cjs;
pub mod constant_condition;
pub mod constant_value;
pub mod cross_module_constants;
pub mod dynamic_expression;
pub mod emit_collect;
pub mod esm;
pub mod exports;
pub mod exports_info;
pub mod external_module;
pub mod hot_module;
pub mod ident;
pub mod import_meta_glob;
pub mod member;
pub mod node;
pub mod pattern_mapping;
pub mod raw;
pub mod removal;
pub mod require_context;
pub mod service_worker;
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
pub mod type_issue;
pub mod typescript;
pub mod util;
pub mod worker;

use std::{
    cell::RefCell,
    future::Future,
    mem::{replace, take},
    sync::{Arc, LazyLock},
};

use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
use bumpalo::boxed::Box as BumpBox;
use constant_condition::{ConstantConditionCodeGen, ConstantConditionValue};
use constant_value::ConstantValueCodeGen;
use indexmap::map::Entry;
use num_traits::Zero;
use parking_lot::Mutex;
use regex::Regex;
use removal::RemovalCodeGen;
use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
use service_worker::ServiceWorkerAssetReference;
use swc_core::{
    atoms::{Atom, Wtf8Atom, atom},
    common::{
        GLOBALS, Globals, Span, Spanned,
        comments::{CommentKind, Comments},
        errors::{DiagnosticId, HANDLER, Handler, Level},
        source_map::SmallPos,
    },
    ecma::{
        ast::*,
        visit::{
            AstParentKind,
            fields::{
                AssignExprField, AssignTargetField, BindingIdentField, SimpleAssignTargetField,
            },
        },
    },
};
use tokio::sync::OnceCell;
use tracing::Instrument;
use turbo_rcstr::{RcStr, rcstr};
use turbo_tasks::{
    FxIndexMap, FxIndexSet, JoinIterExt, PrettyPrintError, ReadRef, ResolvedVc, TryJoinIterExt,
    Upcast, ValueToString, Vc, turbofmt,
};
use turbo_tasks_fs::FileSystemPath;
use turbopack_core::{
    compile_time_info::{
        CompileTimeDefineValue, CompileTimeDefines, CompileTimeInfo, DefinableNameSegment,
        DefinableNameSegmentRef, FreeVarReference, FreeVarReferences, FreeVarReferencesMembers,
        InputRelativeConstant,
    },
    environment::Rendering,
    issue::{IssueExt, IssueSeverity, IssueSource, analyze::AnalyzeIssue},
    module::Module,
    reference::{ModuleReference, ModuleReferences},
    reference_type::{CommonJsReferenceSubType, InnerAssets},
    resolve::{
        ExportUsage, FindContextFileResult, ImportUsage, ModulePart, ResolveErrorMode,
        find_context_file,
        origin::{PlainResolveOrigin, ResolveOrigin},
        parse::Request,
        pattern::Pattern,
    },
    source::Source,
    source_map::GenerateSourceMap,
};
use turbopack_resolve::{ecmascript::cjs_resolve_source, typescript::tsconfig};
use turbopack_swc_utils::emitter::IssueEmitter;
use worker::{WorkerAssetReference, WorkerGlobalPlaceholder, WorkerGlobalsReplacementCodeGen};

pub use crate::references::esm::export::{FollowExportsResult, follow_reexports};
use crate::{
    AnalyzeMode, EcmascriptModuleAsset, EcmascriptModuleAssetType, EcmascriptParsable,
    EnvVarAccessMode, EnvVarInfo, ModuleTypeResult, TypeofWindow,
    analyzer::{
        Bump, BumpVec, ConstantNumber, ConstantString, ConstantValue as JsConstantValue, JsValue,
        JsValueUrlKind, Modified, ModuleValue, ObjectPart, RequireContextValue, ThreadLocal,
        WellKnownFunctionKind, WellKnownObjectKind,
        builtin::{early_replace_builtin, replace_builtin},
        graph::{ConditionalKind, Effect, EffectArg, VarGraph, create_graph},
        imports::{ImportAnnotations, ImportAttributes, ImportMap},
        linker::link,
        parse_require_context,
        top_level_await::has_top_level_await,
        well_known::replace_well_known,
    },
    ast_path_trie::{AstPathId, AstPathTrieBuilder},
    chunk::CjsStaticExports,
    code_gen::{CodeGen, CodeGens, IntoCodeGenReference},
    errors,
    module_fragments::{part_of_module, split_module},
    parse::ParseResult,
    references::{
        amd::{
            AmdDefineAssetReference, AmdDefineDependencyElement, AmdDefineFactoryType,
            AmdDefineWithDependenciesCodeGen,
        },
        async_module::{AsyncModule, OptionAsyncModule},
        cjs::{CjsAssetReference, CjsRequireAssetReference, CjsRequireResolveAssetReference},
        cross_module_constants::{
            is_import_name_eligible_for_exports, module_value_to_constants_module,
        },
        dynamic_expression::DynamicExpression,
        emit_collect::{CollectReference, EmitReference},
        esm::{
            EsmAssetReference, EsmAssetReferenceOptions, EsmAsyncAssetReference, ImportMetaBinding,
            ImportMetaRef, UrlAssetReference, UrlRewriteBehavior, base::EsmAssetReferences,
            binding::EsmBindingsBuilder, module_id::EsmModuleIdAssetReference,
        },
        exports::{EcmascriptExportsAnalysis, compute_ecmascript_module_exports},
        exports_info::{ExportsInfoBinding, ExportsInfoRef},
        hot_module::{ModuleHotReferenceAssetReference, ModuleHotReferenceCodeGen},
        ident::IdentReplacement,
        import_meta_glob::{ImportMetaGlobAssetReference, parse_import_meta_glob},
        member::MemberReplacement,
        node::PackageJsonReference,
        raw::{DirAssetReference, FileSourceReference},
        require_context::{RequireContextAssetReference, RequireContextMap},
        typescript::{
            TsConfigReference, TsReferencePathAssetReference, TsReferenceTypeAssetReference,
        },
    },
    runtime_functions::{
        TURBOPACK_EXPORTS, TURBOPACK_GLOBAL, TURBOPACK_REQUIRE_REAL, TURBOPACK_REQUIRE_STUB,
        TURBOPACK_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_SHORTCUTS,
    },
    source_map::parse_source_map_comment,
    utils::{AstPathRange, js_value_to_pattern, module_value_to_well_known_object},
};

#[turbo_tasks::value(shared)]
pub struct AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult {
    references: Vec<ResolvedVc<Box<dyn ModuleReference>>>,

    pub esm_references: ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReferences>,
    pub esm_local_references: ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReferences>,
    pub esm_reexport_references: ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReferences>,

    pub code_generation: ResolvedVc<CodeGens>,
    pub async_module: ResolvedVc<OptionAsyncModule>,
    /// `true` when the analysis was successful.
    pub successful: bool,
    pub source_map: Option<ResolvedVc<Box<dyn GenerateSourceMap>>>,
    /// Present when the module is a statically-analyzable CommonJS module;
    /// carries its named exports for scope hoisting.
    pub cjs_static_exports: Option<CjsStaticExports>,
    /// `true` when the module contains a direct `eval(...)` call, which can access bindings in
    /// its lexical scope by name. Such a module must not be merged with others.
    pub has_direct_eval: bool,

    pub env_var_info: ResolvedVc<EnvVarInfo>,
}

#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
impl AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult {
    #[turbo_tasks::function]
    pub async fn references(&self) -> Result<Vc<ModuleReferences>> {
        Ok(Vc::cell(
            self.esm_references
                .await?
                .iter()
                .map(|r| ResolvedVc::upcast(*r))
                .chain(self.references.iter().copied())
                .collect(),
        ))
    }

    #[turbo_tasks::function]
    pub async fn local_references(&self) -> Result<Vc<ModuleReferences>> {
        Ok(Vc::cell(
            self.esm_local_references
                .await?
                .iter()
                .map(|r| ResolvedVc::upcast(*r))
                .chain(self.references.iter().copied())
                .collect(),
        ))
    }
}

/// In debug builds, use FxIndexSet to catch duplicate code gens
/// In release builds, use Vec for better performance
#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
type CodeGenCollection = FxIndexSet<CodeGen>;
#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
type CodeGenCollection = Vec<CodeGen>;

/// A temporary analysis result builder to pass around, to be turned into an
/// `Vc<AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult>` eventually.
struct AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder {
    analyze_mode: AnalyzeMode,

    references: FxIndexSet<ResolvedVc<Box<dyn ModuleReference>>>,

    esm_references: FxHashSet<usize>,
    esm_local_references: FxHashSet<usize>,
    esm_reexport_references: FxHashSet<usize>,

    esm_references_free_var: FxIndexMap<RcStr, ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>>,
    // Ad-hoc created import references that are resolved `import * as x from ...; x.foo` accesses
    // This caches repeated access because EsmAssetReference::new is not a turbo task function.
    esm_references_rewritten: FxHashMap<usize, FxIndexMap<RcStr, ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>>>,

    esm_bindings: EsmBindingsBuilder,

    code_gens: CodeGenCollection,
    /// Interns the AST paths referenced by `code_gens`, so overlapping paths share storage.
    /// Handed to the resulting [`CodeGens`] once analysis finishes.
    ///
    /// `RefCell` so that interning composes with the `&mut self` `add_*` methods.
    ast_paths: RefCell<AstPathTrieBuilder>,
    async_module: ResolvedVc<OptionAsyncModule>,
    successful: bool,
    source_map: Option<ResolvedVc<Box<dyn GenerateSourceMap>>>,
    cjs_static_exports: Option<CjsStaticExports>,
    has_direct_eval: bool,

    env_var_info_runtime: FxIndexMap<RcStr, EnvVarAccessMode>,

    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    ident: RcStr,
}

impl AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder {
    fn new(analyze_mode: AnalyzeMode) -> Self {
        Self {
            analyze_mode,
            references: Default::default(),
            esm_references: Default::default(),
            esm_local_references: Default::default(),
            esm_reexport_references: Default::default(),
            esm_references_rewritten: Default::default(),
            esm_references_free_var: Default::default(),
            esm_bindings: Default::default(),
            code_gens: Default::default(),
            ast_paths: Default::default(),
            async_module: ResolvedVc::cell(None),
            successful: false,
            source_map: None,
            cjs_static_exports: None,
            has_direct_eval: false,
            env_var_info_runtime: Default::default(),
            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
            ident: Default::default(),
        }
    }

    /// Takes over an already-populated path trie.
    ///
    /// Must happen before any path is interned here, so that ids minted against `paths`
    /// keep pointing at the same nodes.
    pub fn adopt_ast_paths(&mut self, paths: AstPathTrieBuilder) {
        debug_assert_eq!(
            self.ast_paths.borrow().node_count(),
            0,
            "adopting a trie would invalidate the paths already interned here",
        );
        *self.ast_paths.borrow_mut() = paths;
    }

    /// Interns an AST path, returning the handle code generation stores.
    pub fn intern_path(&self, path: &[AstParentKind]) -> AstPathId {
        self.ast_paths.borrow_mut().intern(path.iter().copied())
    }

    /// Adds an asset reference to the analysis result.
    pub fn add_reference(&mut self, reference: ResolvedVc<impl Upcast<Box<dyn ModuleReference>>>) {
        let r = ResolvedVc::upcast_non_strict(reference);
        self.references.insert(r);
    }

    /// Adds an asset reference with codegen to the analysis result.
    pub fn add_reference_code_gen<R: IntoCodeGenReference>(
        &mut self,
        reference: R,
        path: AstPathId,
        link_context: ValueLinkContext,
    ) {
        match link_context {
            ValueLinkContext::Default => {
                let (reference, code_gen) =
                    reference.into_code_gen_reference(&self.ast_paths.borrow(), path);
                self.references.insert(reference);
                self.add_code_gen(code_gen);
            }
            ValueLinkContext::InAlternative => {
                self.references.insert(reference.into_reference());
            }
        }
    }

    /// Adds an ESM asset reference to the analysis result.
    pub fn add_esm_reference(&mut self, idx: usize) {
        self.esm_references.insert(idx);
        self.esm_local_references.insert(idx);
    }

    /// Adds an reexport ESM reference to the analysis result.
    /// If you're unsure about which function to use, use `add_reference()`
    pub fn add_esm_reexport_reference(&mut self, idx: usize) {
        self.esm_references.insert(idx);
        self.esm_reexport_references.insert(idx);
    }

    /// Adds an evaluation ESM reference to the analysis result.
    /// If you're unsure about which function to use, use `add_reference()`
    pub fn add_esm_evaluation_reference(&mut self, idx: usize) {
        self.esm_references.insert(idx);
        self.esm_local_references.insert(idx);
    }

    /// Adds a codegen to the analysis result.
    pub fn add_code_gen<C>(&mut self, code_gen: C)
    where
        C: Into<CodeGen>,
    {
        if self.analyze_mode.is_codegen {
            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
            {
                let (index, added) = self.code_gens.insert_full(code_gen.into());
                debug_assert!(
                    added,
                    "Duplicate code gen added: {:?} in {}",
                    self.code_gens.get_index(index).unwrap(),
                    self.ident
                );
            }
            #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
            {
                self.code_gens.push(code_gen.into());
            }
        }
    }

    /// Sets the analysis result ES export.
    pub fn set_source_map(&mut self, source_map: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn GenerateSourceMap>>) {
        self.source_map = Some(source_map);
    }

    /// Sets the analysis result ES export.
    pub fn set_async_module(&mut self, async_module: ResolvedVc<AsyncModule>) {
        self.async_module = ResolvedVc::cell(Some(async_module));
    }

    /// Sets whether the analysis was successful.
    pub fn set_successful(&mut self, successful: bool) {
        self.successful = successful;
    }

    pub fn add_runtime_env_var_reference_read(&mut self, runtime_env: RcStr) {
        self.env_var_info_runtime
            // Overwrite any existing value with Existence.
            .insert(runtime_env, EnvVarAccessMode::Read);
    }

    pub fn add_runtime_env_var_reference_existence(&mut self, runtime_env: RcStr) {
        self.env_var_info_runtime
            .entry(runtime_env)
            // Only set if it hasn't been set to Read already.
            .or_insert(EnvVarAccessMode::Existence);
    }

    pub fn add_esm_reference_namespace_resolved(
        &mut self,
        esm_reference_idx: usize,
        export: RcStr,
        on_insert: impl FnOnce() -> ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>,
    ) -> ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference> {
        *self
            .esm_references_rewritten
            .entry(esm_reference_idx)
            .or_default()
            .entry(export)
            .or_insert_with(on_insert)
    }

    pub async fn add_esm_reference_free_var(
        &mut self,
        request: RcStr,
        on_insert: impl AsyncFnOnce() -> Result<ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>>,
    ) -> Result<ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>> {
        Ok(match self.esm_references_free_var.entry(request) {
            Entry::Occupied(e) => *e.get(),
            Entry::Vacant(e) => *e.insert(on_insert().await?),
        })
    }

    /// Builds the final analysis result. Resolves internal Vcs.
    pub async fn build(
        mut self,
        import_references: &[ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>],
        track_reexport_references: bool,
    ) -> Result<Vc<AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult>> {
        // esm_references_rewritten (and esm_references_free_var) needs to be spliced in at the
        // correct index into esm_references and esm_local_references
        let mut esm_references = Vec::with_capacity(
            self.esm_references.len()
                + self.esm_references_free_var.len()
                + self.esm_references_rewritten.len(),
        );
        esm_references.extend(self.esm_references_free_var.values());

        let mut esm_local_references = track_reexport_references.then(|| {
            let mut esm_local_references = Vec::with_capacity(
                self.esm_local_references.len()
                    + self.esm_references_free_var.len()
                    + self.esm_references_rewritten.len(),
            );
            esm_local_references.extend(self.esm_references_free_var.values());
            esm_local_references
        });
        let mut esm_reexport_references = track_reexport_references
            .then(|| Vec::with_capacity(self.esm_reexport_references.len()));
        for (i, reference) in import_references.iter().enumerate() {
            if self.esm_references.contains(&i) {
                esm_references.push(*reference);
            }
            esm_references.extend(
                self.esm_references_rewritten
                    .get(&i)
                    .iter()
                    .flat_map(|m| m.values().copied()),
            );
            if let Some(esm_local_references) = &mut esm_local_references {
                if self.esm_local_references.contains(&i) {
                    esm_local_references.push(*reference);
                }
                esm_local_references.extend(
                    self.esm_references_rewritten
                        .get(&i)
                        .iter()
                        .flat_map(|m| m.values().copied()),
                );
            }
            if let Some(esm_reexport_references) = &mut esm_reexport_references
                && self.esm_reexport_references.contains(&i)
            {
                esm_reexport_references.push(*reference);
            }
        }

        if let Some(esm_bindings) = std::mem::take(&mut self.esm_bindings).build() {
            self.add_code_gen(CodeGen::EsmBindings(esm_bindings));
        }

        let references: Vec<_> = self.references.into_iter().collect();

        if !self.analyze_mode.is_codegen {
            debug_assert!(self.code_gens.is_empty());
        }

        self.code_gens.shrink_to_fit();

        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
        let code_generation = self.code_gens.into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
        let code_generation = self.code_gens;

        Ok(AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult::cell(
            AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult {
                references,
                esm_references: ResolvedVc::cell(esm_references),
                esm_local_references: ResolvedVc::cell(esm_local_references.unwrap_or_default()),
                esm_reexport_references: ResolvedVc::cell(
                    esm_reexport_references.unwrap_or_default(),
                ),
                code_generation: if code_generation.is_empty() {
                    CodeGens::empty().to_resolved().await?
                } else {
                    CodeGens {
                        code_gens: code_generation,
                        ast_paths: self.ast_paths.into_inner().build(),
                    }
                    .resolved_cell()
                },
                async_module: self.async_module,
                successful: self.successful,
                source_map: self.source_map,
                cjs_static_exports: self.cjs_static_exports,
                has_direct_eval: self.has_direct_eval,
                env_var_info: EnvVarInfo {
                    runtime: self.env_var_info_runtime,
                }
                .resolved_cell(),
            },
        ))
    }
}

enum Action<'a> {
    Effect(Effect<'a>),
    LeaveScope(u32),
}

/// Pushes `effects` onto the processing stack. They are appended in reverse order so that popping
/// the stack yields them in their original order.
fn add_effects<'a, I>(queue_stack: &mut Vec<Action<'a>>, effects: I)
where
    I: IntoIterator<Item = Effect<'a>>,
    I::IntoIter: DoubleEndedIterator,
{
    queue_stack.extend(effects.into_iter().map(Action::Effect).rev());
}

struct AnalysisState<'a> {
    handler: &'a Handler,
    module: ResolvedVc<EcmascriptModuleAsset>,
    source: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn Source>>,
    origin: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    origin_path: FileSystemPath,
    compile_time_info: ResolvedVc<CompileTimeInfo>,
    free_var_references_members: ResolvedVc<FreeVarReferencesMembers>,
    compile_time_info_ref: ReadRef<CompileTimeInfo>,
    arena: &'a ThreadLocal<Bump>,
    var_graph: VarGraph<'a>,
    /// Whether to allow tracing to reference files from the project root. This is used to prevent
    /// random node_modules packages from tracing the entire project due to some dynamic
    /// `path.join(foo, bar)` call.
    allow_project_root_tracing: bool,
    /// This is the current state of known values of function
    /// arguments.
    fun_args_values: Mutex<FxHashMap<u32, BumpVec<'a, JsValue<'a>>>>,
    /// A cache for the linked value of variables, to prevent exponential retraversals.
    var_cache: Mutex<FxHashMap<Id, JsValue<'a>>>,
    /// A cache for the linked value of imported constants.
    constants_cache: Mutex<FxHashMap<ModuleValue, Option<JsValue<'a>>>>,
    // There can be many references to import.meta, but only the first should hoist
    // the object allocation.
    first_import_meta: bool,
    // There can be many references to __webpack_exports_info__, but only the first should hoist
    // the object allocation.
    first_webpack_exports_info: bool,
    module_fragments_enabled: bool,
    cjs_tree_shaking: bool,
    cross_module_constants: bool,
    lazy_compilation: bool,
    import_externals: bool,
    ignore_dynamic_requests: bool,
    url_rewrite_behavior: Option<UrlRewriteBehavior>,
    // Whether we should collect affecting sources from referenced files. Only usedful when
    // tracing.
    collect_affecting_sources: bool,
    // Whether we are only tracing dependencies (no code generation). When true, synthetic
    // wrapper modules like WorkerLoaderModule should not be created.
    tracing_only: bool,
    // Whether the module is an ESM module (affects resolution for hot module dependencies).
    is_esm: bool,
    // ESM import references (indexed to match eval_context.imports.references()).
    import_references: &'a [ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>],
    // The import map from the eval context, used to match dep strings to import references.
    imports: &'a ImportMap,
    // Resolve overrides for imports
    inner_assets: Option<ReadRef<InnerAssets>>,
}

impl<'a> AnalysisState<'a> {
    /// Links a value to the graph, returning the linked value.
    async fn link_value(
        &self,
        value: JsValue<'a>,
        attributes: &ImportAttributes,
    ) -> Result<JsValue<'a>> {
        Ok(link(
            self.arena,
            &self.var_graph,
            value,
            &|value| early_value_visitor(self.arena, value),
            &|value| {
                value_visitor(
                    self.arena,
                    *self.origin,
                    &self.origin_path,
                    value,
                    *self.compile_time_info,
                    &self.compile_time_info_ref,
                    &self.var_graph,
                    attributes,
                    self.allow_project_root_tracing,
                    &self.constants_cache,
                    self.import_references,
                    self.cross_module_constants,
                )
            },
            &self.fun_args_values,
            &self.var_cache,
        )
        .await?
        .0)
    }
}

fn set_handler_and_globals<F, R>(handler: &Handler, globals: &Arc<Globals>, f: F) -> R
where
    F: FnOnce() -> R,
{
    HANDLER.set(handler, || GLOBALS.set(globals, f))
}

/// Analyse a provided [EcmascriptModuleAsset] and return a [AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult].
#[turbo_tasks::function]
pub async fn analyze_ecmascript_module(
    module: ResolvedVc<EcmascriptModuleAsset>,
    part: Option<ModulePart>,
) -> Result<Vc<AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult>> {
    let span = tracing::info_span!(
        "analyze ecmascript module",
        name = display(module.ident().to_string().await?)
    );
    let result = analyze_ecmascript_module_internal(module, part)
        .instrument(span)
        .await;

    match result {
        Ok(result) => Ok(result),
        // ast-grep-ignore: no-context-turbofmt
        Err(err) => Err(err
            .context(turbofmt!("failed to analyze ecmascript module '{}'", module.ident()).await?)),
    }
}

async fn analyze_ecmascript_module_internal(
    module: ResolvedVc<EcmascriptModuleAsset>,
    part: Option<ModulePart>,
) -> Result<Vc<AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResult>> {
    let raw_module = module.await?;

    let source = raw_module.source;
    let ty = raw_module.ty;
    let options = raw_module.options;
    let options = options.await?;
    let import_externals = options.import_externals;
    let analyze_mode = options.analyze_mode;

    let origin = ResolvedVc::upcast::<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>(module);
    let origin_ref = origin.into_trait_ref().await?;
    let origin_path = origin_ref.origin_path();
    let path = &origin_path;
    let mut analysis = AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder::new(analyze_mode);
    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
    {
        analysis.ident = source.ident().to_string().owned().await?;
    }

    let inner_assets = if let Some(assets) = raw_module.inner_assets {
        Some(assets.await?)
    } else {
        None
    };

    // Is this a typescript file that requires analyzing type references?
    let analyze_types = match &ty {
        EcmascriptModuleAssetType::Typescript { analyze_types, .. } => *analyze_types,
        EcmascriptModuleAssetType::TypescriptDeclaration => true,
        EcmascriptModuleAssetType::Ecmascript
        | EcmascriptModuleAssetType::EcmascriptExtensionless => false,
    };

    // Split out our module part if we have one.
    let parsed = if let Some(part) = &part {
        let split_data = split_module(*module);
        part_of_module(split_data, part.clone())
    } else {
        module.failsafe_parse()
    };

    let ModuleTypeResult {
        module_type: specified_type,
        ref referenced_package_json,
    } = *module.determine_module_type().await?;

    if let Some(package_json) = referenced_package_json {
        let span = tracing::trace_span!("package.json reference");
        async {
            analysis.add_reference(
                PackageJsonReference::new(package_json.clone())
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
            );
            anyhow::Ok(())
        }
        .instrument(span)
        .await?;
    }

    if analyze_types {
        let span = tracing::trace_span!("tsconfig reference");
        async {
            match &*find_context_file(path.parent(), tsconfig(), false).await? {
                FindContextFileResult::Found(tsconfig, _) => {
                    analysis.add_reference(
                        TsConfigReference::new(*origin, tsconfig.clone())
                            .to_resolved()
                            .await?,
                    );
                }
                FindContextFileResult::NotFound(_) => {}
            };
            anyhow::Ok(())
        }
        .instrument(span)
        .await?;
    }

    let EcmascriptExportsAnalysis {
        exports: _,
        import_references,
        esm_reexport_reference_idxs,
        esm_evaluation_reference_idxs,
        // This reads the ParseResult, so it has to happen before the final_read_hint.
    } = &*compute_ecmascript_module_exports(*module, part).await?;

    let parsed = if !analyze_mode.is_codegen {
        // We are never code-gening the module, so we can drop the AST after the analysis.
        parsed.final_read_hint().await?
    } else {
        parsed.await?
    };

    let ParseResult::Ok {
        program,
        globals,
        eval_context,
        comments,
        source_map,
        source_mapping_url,
        program_source: _,
    } = &*parsed
    else {
        return analysis.build(Default::default(), false).await;
    };

    for i in esm_reexport_reference_idxs {
        analysis.add_esm_reexport_reference(*i);
    }
    for i in esm_evaluation_reference_idxs {
        analysis.add_esm_evaluation_reference(*i);
    }

    let is_esm = eval_context.is_esm(specified_type);

    let compile_time_info = compile_time_info_for_module_options(
        *raw_module.compile_time_info,
        is_esm,
        options.enable_typeof_window_inlining,
    )
    .to_resolved()
    .await?;

    let pos = program.span().lo;
    if analyze_types {
        let span = tracing::trace_span!("type references");
        async {
            if let Some(comments) = comments.get_leading(pos) {
                for comment in comments.iter() {
                    if let CommentKind::Line = comment.kind {
                        static REFERENCE_PATH: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
                            Regex::new(r#"^/\s*<reference\s*path\s*=\s*["'](.+)["']\s*/>\s*$"#)
                                .unwrap()
                        });
                        static REFERENCE_TYPES: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
                            Regex::new(r#"^/\s*<reference\s*types\s*=\s*["'](.+)["']\s*/>\s*$"#)
                                .unwrap()
                        });
                        let text = &comment.text;
                        if let Some(m) = REFERENCE_PATH.captures(text) {
                            let path = &m[1];
                            analysis.add_reference(
                                TsReferencePathAssetReference::new(*origin, path.into())
                                    .to_resolved()
                                    .await?,
                            );
                        } else if let Some(m) = REFERENCE_TYPES.captures(text) {
                            let types = &m[1];
                            analysis.add_reference(
                                TsReferenceTypeAssetReference::new(*origin, types.into())
                                    .to_resolved()
                                    .await?,
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            anyhow::Ok(())
        }
        .instrument(span)
        .await?;
    }

    if options.extract_source_map {
        let span = tracing::trace_span!("source map reference");
        async {
            if let Some((source_map, reference)) =
                parse_source_map_comment(source, source_mapping_url.as_deref(), &origin_path)
                    .await?
            {
                analysis.set_source_map(source_map);
                if let Some(reference) = reference {
                    analysis.add_reference(reference);
                }
            }
            anyhow::Ok(())
        }
        .instrument(span)
        .await?;
    }

    let (emitter, collector) = IssueEmitter::new(source, source_map.clone(), None);
    let handler = Handler::with_emitter(true, false, Box::new(emitter));

    let supports_block_scoping = *compile_time_info
        .environment()
        .runtime_versions()
        .supports_block_scoping()
        .await?;

    // TODO: we can do this when constructing the var graph
    let span = tracing::trace_span!("async module handling");
    async {
        let top_level_await_span =
            set_handler_and_globals(&handler, globals, || has_top_level_await(program));
        let has_top_level_await = top_level_await_span.is_some();

        if eval_context.is_esm(specified_type) {
            let async_module = AsyncModule {
                has_top_level_await,
                import_externals,
            }
            .resolved_cell();
            analysis.set_async_module(async_module);
        } else if let Some(span) = top_level_await_span {
            AnalyzeIssue::new(
                IssueSeverity::Error,
                source.ident(),
                rcstr!("unexpected top level await"),
                rcstr!("top level await is only supported in ESM modules."),
                None,
                Some(issue_source(source, span)),
            )
            .to_resolved()
            .await?
            .emit();
        }
        anyhow::Ok(())
    }
    .instrument(span)
    .await?;

    // The arena that owns every `JsValue` built during this analysis. Borrowed once here so all
    // uses share a single (covariant) reference lifetime; it is freed when the function returns.
    let arena = ThreadLocal::new();
    let arena = &arena;
    let mut var_graph = {
        let _span = tracing::trace_span!("analyze variable values").entered();
        let mut graph = None;
        set_handler_and_globals(&handler, globals, || {
            graph = Some(create_graph(
                arena.get_or_default(),
                program,
                eval_context,
                analyze_mode,
                supports_block_scoping,
                specified_type,
                options.cjs_tree_shaking,
                options.cjs_scope_hoisting,
            ));
        });
        graph.unwrap()
    };

    let span = tracing::trace_span!("effects processing");
    async {
        // The graph's code gens carry `AstPathId`s interned into the graph's own trie, so
        // adopt that trie before taking them; effect processing then keeps interning into
        // it, and every path in the module ends up in one arena.
        analysis.adopt_ast_paths(take(&mut var_graph.ast_paths));
        analysis.code_gens.extend(take(&mut var_graph.code_gens));
        let effects = take(&mut var_graph.effects);
        // How each `require("…")` call's result is used, keyed by call position.
        let require_binding_usage = take(&mut var_graph.require_usage);
        // The module's static CommonJS exports, if any, for scope hoisting.
        analysis.cjs_static_exports = take(&mut var_graph.cjs_static_exports);
        analysis.has_direct_eval = var_graph.has_direct_eval;
        let compile_time_info_ref = compile_time_info.await?;

        let mut analysis_state = AnalysisState {
            arena,
            handler: &handler,
            module,
            source,
            origin,
            origin_path: origin_path.clone(),
            compile_time_info,
            free_var_references_members: compile_time_info_ref
                .free_var_references
                .members()
                .to_resolved()
                .await?,
            compile_time_info_ref,
            var_graph,
            allow_project_root_tracing: !source.ident().await?.path.is_in_node_modules(),
            fun_args_values: Default::default(),
            var_cache: Default::default(),
            constants_cache: Default::default(),
            first_import_meta: true,
            first_webpack_exports_info: true,
            module_fragments_enabled: options.module_fragments_enabled,
            cjs_tree_shaking: options.cjs_tree_shaking,
            cross_module_constants: options.cross_module_constants,
            lazy_compilation: options.lazy_compilation,
            import_externals: options.import_externals,
            ignore_dynamic_requests: options.ignore_dynamic_requests,
            url_rewrite_behavior: options.url_rewrite_behavior,
            collect_affecting_sources: options.analyze_mode.trace_file_references,
            tracing_only: !options.analyze_mode.is_codegen,
            is_esm,
            import_references,
            imports: &eval_context.imports,
            inner_assets,
        };

        fn unreachable_comment() -> RcStr {
            rcstr!("TURBOPACK unreachable")
        }

        // This is a stack of effects to process. We use a stack since during processing
        // of an effect we might want to add more effects into the middle of the
        // processing. Using a stack where effects are appended in reverse
        // order allows us to do that. It's recursion implemented as Stack.
        let mut queue_stack = Vec::with_capacity(effects.len());
        add_effects(&mut queue_stack, effects);

        while let Some(action) = queue_stack.pop() {
            let effect = match action {
                Action::LeaveScope(func_ident) => {
                    analysis_state.fun_args_values.get_mut().remove(&func_ident);
                    continue;
                }
                Action::Effect(effect) => effect,
            };

            match effect {
                Effect::Unreachable { start_ast_path } => {
                    debug_assert!(
                        analyze_mode.is_codegen,
                        "unexpected Effect::Unreachable in tracing mode"
                    );

                    analysis.add_code_gen(RemovalCodeGen::new(
                        unreachable_comment(),
                        AstPathRange::StartAfter(analysis.intern_path(&start_ast_path)),
                    ));
                }
                Effect::Conditional {
                    mut condition,
                    kind,
                    ast_path: condition_ast_path,
                    span: _,
                } => {
                    // Don't replace condition with it's truth-y value, if it has side effects
                    // (e.g. function calls)
                    let condition_has_side_effects = condition.has_side_effects();

                    let condition = analysis_state
                        .link_value(take(&mut *condition), ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                        .await?;

                    macro_rules! inactive {
                        ($block:ident) => {
                            if analyze_mode.is_codegen {
                                analysis.add_code_gen(RemovalCodeGen::new(
                                    unreachable_comment(),
                                    $block.range.clone(),
                                ));
                            }
                        };
                    }
                    macro_rules! condition {
                        ($expr:expr) => {
                            if analyze_mode.is_codegen && !condition_has_side_effects {
                                analysis.add_code_gen(ConstantConditionCodeGen::new(
                                    $expr,
                                    analysis.intern_path(&condition_ast_path),
                                ));
                            }
                        };
                    }
                    macro_rules! active {
                        ($block:ident) => {
                            add_effects(&mut queue_stack, BumpVec::from($block.effects))
                        };
                    }
                    match BumpBox::into_inner(kind) {
                        ConditionalKind::If { then } => match condition.is_truthy() {
                            Some(true) => {
                                condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Truthy);
                                active!(then);
                            }
                            Some(false) => {
                                condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Falsy);
                                inactive!(then);
                            }
                            None => {
                                active!(then);
                            }
                        },
                        ConditionalKind::Else { r#else } => match condition.is_truthy() {
                            Some(true) => {
                                condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Truthy);
                                inactive!(r#else);
                            }
                            Some(false) => {
                                condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Falsy);
                                active!(r#else);
                            }
                            None => {
                                active!(r#else);
                            }
                        },
                        ConditionalKind::IfElse { then, r#else }
                        | ConditionalKind::Ternary { then, r#else } => {
                            match condition.is_truthy() {
                                Some(true) => {
                                    condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Truthy);
                                    active!(then);
                                    inactive!(r#else);
                                }
                                Some(false) => {
                                    condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Falsy);
                                    active!(r#else);
                                    inactive!(then);
                                }
                                None => {
                                    active!(then);
                                    active!(r#else);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        ConditionalKind::IfElseMultiple { then, r#else } => {
                            match condition.is_truthy() {
                                Some(true) => {
                                    condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Truthy);
                                    for then in BumpVec::from(then) {
                                        active!(then);
                                    }
                                    for r#else in BumpVec::from(r#else) {
                                        inactive!(r#else);
                                    }
                                }
                                Some(false) => {
                                    condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Falsy);
                                    for then in BumpVec::from(then) {
                                        inactive!(then);
                                    }
                                    for r#else in BumpVec::from(r#else) {
                                        active!(r#else);
                                    }
                                }
                                None => {
                                    for then in BumpVec::from(then) {
                                        active!(then);
                                    }
                                    for r#else in BumpVec::from(r#else) {
                                        active!(r#else);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        ConditionalKind::And { expr } => match condition.is_truthy() {
                            Some(true) => {
                                condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Truthy);
                                active!(expr);
                            }
                            Some(false) => {
                                // The condition value needs to stay since it's used
                                inactive!(expr);
                            }
                            None => {
                                active!(expr);
                            }
                        },
                        ConditionalKind::Or { expr } => match condition.is_truthy() {
                            Some(true) => {
                                // The condition value needs to stay since it's used
                                inactive!(expr);
                            }
                            Some(false) => {
                                condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Falsy);
                                active!(expr);
                            }
                            None => {
                                active!(expr);
                            }
                        },
                        ConditionalKind::NullishCoalescing { expr } => {
                            match condition.is_nullish() {
                                Some(true) => {
                                    condition!(ConstantConditionValue::Nullish);
                                    active!(expr);
                                }
                                Some(false) => {
                                    inactive!(expr);
                                }
                                None => {
                                    active!(expr);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        ConditionalKind::Labeled { body } => {
                            active!(body);
                        }
                    }
                }
                Effect::Call {
                    mut func,
                    args,
                    ast_path,
                    span,
                    in_try,
                    new,
                } => {
                    let func = analysis_state
                        .link_value(take(&mut *func), eval_context.imports.get_attributes(span))
                        .await?;

                    let call_usage = require_binding_usage
                        .get(&span.lo)
                        .cloned()
                        .unwrap_or(ExportUsage::All);

                    let args = process_effect_args(args, &mut queue_stack);
                    handle_call(
                        &ast_path,
                        span,
                        func,
                        args,
                        &analysis_state,
                        &mut analysis,
                        in_try,
                        new,
                        eval_context.imports.get_attributes(span),
                        call_usage,
                    )
                    .await?;
                }
                Effect::DynamicImport {
                    args,
                    ast_path,
                    span,
                    in_try,
                    export_usage,
                } => {
                    let args = process_effect_args(args, &mut queue_stack);
                    handle_dynamic_import(
                        &ast_path,
                        span,
                        args,
                        &analysis_state,
                        &mut analysis,
                        in_try,
                        eval_context.imports.get_attributes(span),
                        export_usage,
                        ValueLinkContext::Default,
                    )
                    .await?;
                }
                Effect::MemberCall {
                    mut obj,
                    mut prop,
                    mut args,
                    ast_path,
                    span,
                    in_try,
                    new,
                } => {
                    let func = analysis_state
                        .link_value(
                            JsValue::member(
                                arena.get_or_default(),
                                obj.clone_in(arena.get_or_default()),
                                take(&mut *prop),
                            ),
                            eval_context.imports.get_attributes(span),
                        )
                        .await?;

                    if !new
                        && matches!(
                            func,
                            JsValue::WellKnownFunction(
                                WellKnownFunctionKind::ArrayFilter
                                    | WellKnownFunctionKind::ArrayForEach
                                    | WellKnownFunctionKind::ArrayMap
                            )
                        )
                        && let [EffectArg::Closure(value, block)] = &mut args[..]
                        && let JsValue::Array {
                            items: ref mut values,
                            mutable,
                            ..
                        } = analysis_state
                            .link_value(take(&mut *obj), eval_context.imports.get_attributes(span))
                            .await?
                    {
                        *value = analysis_state
                            .link_value(take(value), ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                            .await?;
                        if let JsValue::Function(_, func_ident, _) = value {
                            let mut closure_arg = JsValue::alternatives(take(values));
                            if mutable {
                                closure_arg.add_unknown_mutations(arena.get_or_default(), true);
                            }
                            analysis_state.fun_args_values.get_mut().insert(
                                *func_ident,
                                BumpVec::from_iter_in(arena.get_or_default(), [closure_arg]),
                            );
                            queue_stack.push(Action::LeaveScope(*func_ident));
                            add_effects(
                                &mut queue_stack,
                                BumpVec::from(replace(
                                    &mut block.effects,
                                    BumpVec::new().into_boxed_slice(),
                                )),
                            );
                            continue;
                        }
                    }

                    let args = process_effect_args(args, &mut queue_stack);
                    handle_call(
                        &ast_path,
                        span,
                        func,
                        args,
                        &analysis_state,
                        &mut analysis,
                        in_try,
                        new,
                        eval_context.imports.get_attributes(span),
                        // A member call (`obj.method(...)`) result isn't narrowed
                        // for require export usage.
                        ExportUsage::All,
                    )
                    .await?;
                }
                Effect::FreeVar {
                    var,
                    ast_path,
                    span,
                } => {
                    debug_assert!(
                        analyze_mode.is_codegen,
                        "unexpected Effect::FreeVar in tracing mode"
                    );

                    // Worker runtime helpers reference these as free vars; replace each
                    // with the value baked from the chunking context's worker config.
                    let worker_placeholder = match &*var {
                        "_TURBOPACK_WORKER_FORWARDED_GLOBALS_" => {
                            Some(WorkerGlobalPlaceholder::ForwardedGlobals)
                        }
                        "_TURBOPACK_WORKER_BASE_PATH_" => Some(WorkerGlobalPlaceholder::BasePath),
                        _ => None,
                    };
                    if let Some(placeholder) = worker_placeholder {
                        analysis.add_code_gen(WorkerGlobalsReplacementCodeGen::new(
                            placeholder,
                            analysis.intern_path(&ast_path),
                        ));
                        continue;
                    }

                    if options.enable_exports_info_inlining && var == "__webpack_exports_info__" {
                        if analysis_state.first_webpack_exports_info {
                            analysis_state.first_webpack_exports_info = false;
                            analysis.add_code_gen(ExportsInfoBinding::new());
                        }
                        analysis.add_code_gen(ExportsInfoRef::new(analysis.intern_path(&ast_path)));
                        continue;
                    }

                    // FreeVar("require") might be turbopackIgnore-d
                    if !analysis_state
                        .link_value(
                            JsValue::FreeVar(var.clone()),
                            eval_context.imports.get_attributes(span),
                        )
                        .await?
                        .is_unknown()
                    {
                        // Call handle free var
                        handle_free_var(
                            &ast_path,
                            JsValue::FreeVar(var),
                            span,
                            &analysis_state,
                            &mut analysis,
                        )
                        .await?;
                    }
                }
                Effect::Member {
                    mut obj,
                    mut prop,
                    ast_path,
                    span,
                    in_truthiness_context,
                } => {
                    // Intentionally not awaited because `handle_member` reads this only when needed
                    let obj =
                        analysis_state.link_value(take(&mut *obj), ImportAttributes::empty_ref());

                    let prop = analysis_state
                        .link_value(take(&mut *prop), ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                        .await?;

                    handle_membership(
                        &ast_path,
                        obj,
                        prop,
                        span,
                        &analysis_state,
                        &mut analysis,
                        MembershipType::Member {
                            in_truthiness_context,
                        },
                    )
                    .await?;
                }
                Effect::DestructuredMember {
                    mut obj,
                    mut prop,
                    span: _,
                } => {
                    // TODO add an inlining codegen here

                    let prop = analysis_state
                        .link_value(take(&mut *prop), ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                        .await?;
                    if let Some(prop) = prop.as_str() {
                        // This is only used for env var tracking. The more robust solution would be
                        // an `Effect::Ident` but that would be even more
                        // expensive.
                        let obj = analysis_state
                            .link_value(take(&mut *obj), ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                            .await?;

                        if obj
                            .get_definable_name(Some(&analysis_state.var_graph))
                            .iter()
                            .flatten()
                            .any(|(name, reassigned)| {
                                !reassigned
                                    && matches!(
                                        name.0.as_slice(),
                                        [
                                            DefinableNameSegmentRef::Name("process"),
                                            DefinableNameSegmentRef::Name("env")
                                        ]
                                    )
                            })
                        {
                            analysis.add_runtime_env_var_reference_read(RcStr::from(prop));
                        }
                    }
                }
                Effect::In {
                    mut left,
                    mut right,
                    ast_path,
                    span,
                } => {
                    // Intentionally not awaited because `handle_member` reads this only when needed
                    let right =
                        analysis_state.link_value(take(&mut *right), ImportAttributes::empty_ref());

                    let left = analysis_state
                        .link_value(take(&mut *left), ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                        .await?;

                    handle_membership(
                        &ast_path,
                        right,
                        left,
                        span,
                        &analysis_state,
                        &mut analysis,
                        MembershipType::In,
                    )
                    .await?;
                }
                Effect::ImportedBinding {
                    esm_reference_index,
                    export,
                    member,
                    ast_path,
                    span: _,
                } => {
                    let Some(r) = import_references.get(esm_reference_index) else {
                        continue;
                    };

                    if options.cross_module_constants
                        && (eval_context
                            .imports
                            .get_annotations(esm_reference_index)
                            .and_then(|a| a.turbopack_constants())
                            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                                export
                                    .as_ref()
                                    .is_some_and(|v| is_import_name_eligible_for_exports(v))
                            }))
                        && let JsValue::Constant(c) = analysis_state
                            .link_value(
                                eval_context.imports.get_import_for_idx(
                                    arena.get_or_default(),
                                    esm_reference_index,
                                    export.clone().map(Into::into),
                                ),
                                ImportAttributes::empty_ref(),
                            )
                            .await?
                        && let Ok(c) = CompileTimeDefineValue::try_from(&c)
                    // We can only inline values that are supported by CompileTimeDefineValue. So
                    // currently not NaN and Infinity.
                    {
                        // This is a constant import, we can inline it directly without creating
                        // a reference
                        analysis.add_code_gen(ConstantValueCodeGen::new(
                            c,
                            analysis.intern_path(&ast_path),
                        ));
                    } else if let Some("__turbopack_module_id__") = export.as_deref() {
                        let chunking_type = r.await?.chunking_type();
                        analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                            EsmModuleIdAssetReference::new(*r, chunking_type),
                            analysis.intern_path(&ast_path),
                            ValueLinkContext::Default,
                        )
                    } else {
                        if options.follow_reexports && !options.module_fragments_enabled {
                            // TODO move this logic into Effect creation itself and don't create new
                            // references after the fact here.
                            let original_reference = r.await?;
                            if original_reference.export_name.is_none()
                                && export.is_some()
                                && let Some(export) = export
                            {
                                // Rewrite `import * as ns from 'foo'; foo.bar()` to behave like
                                // `import {bar} from 'foo'; bar()` for tree shaking purposes.
                                let named_reference = analysis
                                    .add_esm_reference_namespace_resolved(
                                        esm_reference_index,
                                        export.clone(),
                                        || {
                                            original_reference
                                                .rewrite_for_export(ModulePart::export(
                                                    export.clone(),
                                                ))
                                                .resolved_cell()
                                        },
                                    );
                                analysis.esm_bindings.add_keep_this(
                                    named_reference,
                                    Some(export),
                                    analysis.intern_path(&ast_path),
                                );
                                continue;
                            }

                            if let Some(ModulePart::Export(export_name)) =
                                &original_reference.export_name
                                && let Some(member) = member
                            {
                                // Ask for just the static member if the named export resolves to a
                                // namespace object.
                                let narrowed_reference = analysis
                                    .add_esm_reference_namespace_resolved(
                                        esm_reference_index,
                                        member.clone(),
                                        || {
                                            original_reference
                                                .rewrite_for_export(ModulePart::partial_export(
                                                    export_name.clone(),
                                                    member.clone(),
                                                ))
                                                .resolved_cell()
                                        },
                                    );
                                analysis.esm_bindings.add(
                                    narrowed_reference,
                                    export,
                                    analysis.intern_path(&ast_path),
                                );
                                continue;
                            }
                        }

                        analysis.add_esm_reference(esm_reference_index);
                        analysis
                            .esm_bindings
                            .add(*r, export, analysis.intern_path(&ast_path));
                    }
                }
                Effect::TypeOf {
                    mut arg,
                    ast_path,
                    span,
                } => {
                    debug_assert!(
                        analyze_mode.is_codegen,
                        "unexpected Effect::TypeOf in tracing mode"
                    );
                    let arg = analysis_state
                        .link_value(take(&mut *arg), ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                        .await?;
                    handle_typeof(&ast_path, arg, span, &analysis_state, &mut analysis).await?;
                }
                Effect::ImportMeta { ast_path, span: _ } => {
                    debug_assert!(
                        analyze_mode.is_codegen,
                        "unexpected Effect::ImportMeta in tracing mode"
                    );
                    if analysis_state.first_import_meta {
                        analysis_state.first_import_meta = false;
                        let mode = analysis_state
                            .compile_time_info_ref
                            .defines
                            .read_process_env(rcstr!("NODE_ENV"))
                            .owned()
                            .await?
                            .unwrap_or_else(|| rcstr!("development"));
                        let is_ssr = matches!(
                            *analysis_state
                                .compile_time_info_ref
                                .environment
                                .rendering()
                                .await?,
                            Rendering::Server
                        );
                        analysis.add_code_gen(ImportMetaBinding::new(
                            source.ident().await?.path.clone(),
                            analysis_state
                                .compile_time_info_ref
                                .hot_module_replacement_enabled,
                            mode,
                            analysis_state
                                .compile_time_info_ref
                                .import_meta_env_base_url
                                .clone(),
                            is_ssr,
                        ));
                    }

                    analysis.add_code_gen(ImportMetaRef::new(analysis.intern_path(&ast_path)));
                }
            }
        }
        anyhow::Ok(())
    }
    .instrument(span)
    .await?;

    analysis.set_successful(true);

    collector.emit(false).await?;

    analysis
        .build(
            import_references,
            options.follow_reexports && !options.module_fragments_enabled,
        )
        .await
}

#[turbo_tasks::function]
async fn compile_time_info_for_module_options(
    compile_time_info: Vc<CompileTimeInfo>,
    is_esm: bool,
    enable_typeof_window_inlining: Option<TypeofWindow>,
) -> Result<Vc<CompileTimeInfo>> {
    let compile_time_info = compile_time_info.await?;
    let free_var_references = compile_time_info.free_var_references;
    let defines = compile_time_info.defines;

    let mut free_var_references = free_var_references.owned().await?;
    let mut defines = defines.owned().await?;

    let (typeof_exports, typeof_module, typeof_this, require) = if is_esm {
        (
            rcstr!("undefined"),
            rcstr!("undefined"),
            rcstr!("undefined"),
            TURBOPACK_REQUIRE_STUB,
        )
    } else {
        (
            rcstr!("object"),
            rcstr!("object"),
            rcstr!("object"),
            TURBOPACK_REQUIRE_REAL,
        )
    };
    let typeofs: [(&[RcStr], RcStr); _] = [
        (&[rcstr!("import"), rcstr!("meta")], rcstr!("object")),
        (&[rcstr!("exports")], typeof_exports),
        (&[rcstr!("module")], typeof_module),
        (&[rcstr!("this")], typeof_this),
        (&[rcstr!("require")], rcstr!("function")),
        (&[rcstr!("__dirname")], rcstr!("string")),
        (&[rcstr!("__filename")], rcstr!("string")),
        (&[rcstr!("global")], rcstr!("object")),
    ];
    for (typeof_path, typeof_value) in typeofs {
        let name = typeof_path
            .iter()
            .map(|s| DefinableNameSegment::Name(s.clone()))
            .chain(std::iter::once(DefinableNameSegment::TypeOf))
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
        free_var_references
            .entry(name.clone())
            .or_insert(typeof_value.clone().into());
        defines.entry(name).or_insert(typeof_value.into());
    }

    free_var_references
        .entry(vec![DefinableNameSegment::Name(rcstr!("require"))])
        .or_insert(require.into());
    free_var_references
        .entry(vec![DefinableNameSegment::Name(rcstr!("__dirname"))])
        .or_insert(FreeVarReference::InputRelative(
            InputRelativeConstant::DirName,
        ));
    free_var_references
        .entry(vec![DefinableNameSegment::Name(rcstr!("__filename"))])
        .or_insert(FreeVarReference::InputRelative(
            InputRelativeConstant::FileName,
        ));

    // Compiletime rewrite the nodejs `global` to `__turbopack_context_.g` which is a shortcut for
    // `globalThis` that cannot be shadowed by a local variable.
    free_var_references
        .entry(vec![DefinableNameSegment::Name(rcstr!("global"))])
        .or_insert(TURBOPACK_GLOBAL.into());

    free_var_references.extend(TURBOPACK_RUNTIME_FUNCTION_SHORTCUTS.into_iter().map(
        |(name, shortcut)| {
            (
                vec![DefinableNameSegment::Name(name.into())],
                shortcut.into(),
            )
        },
    ));
    // A 'free' reference to `this` in an ESM module is meant to be `undefined`
    // Compile time replace it so we can represent module-factories as arrow functions without
    // needing to be defensive about rebinding this. Do the same for CJS modules while we are
    // here.
    free_var_references
        .entry(vec![DefinableNameSegment::Name(rcstr!("this"))])
        .or_insert(if is_esm {
            FreeVarReference::Value(CompileTimeDefineValue::Undefined)
        } else {
            // Insert shortcut which is equivalent to `module.exports` but should
            // not be shadowed by user symbols.
            TURBOPACK_EXPORTS.into()
        });

    if let Some(enable_typeof_window_inlining) = enable_typeof_window_inlining {
        let value = match enable_typeof_window_inlining {
            TypeofWindow::Object => rcstr!("object"),
            TypeofWindow::Undefined => rcstr!("undefined"),
        };
        let window = rcstr!("window");
        free_var_references
            .entry(vec![
                DefinableNameSegment::Name(window.clone()),
                DefinableNameSegment::TypeOf,
            ])
            .or_insert(value.clone().into());
        defines
            .entry(vec![
                DefinableNameSegment::Name(window),
                DefinableNameSegment::TypeOf,
            ])
            .or_insert(value.into());
    }

    Ok(CompileTimeInfo {
        environment: compile_time_info.environment,
        defines: CompileTimeDefines(defines).resolved_cell(),
        free_var_references: FreeVarReferences(free_var_references).resolved_cell(),
        hot_module_replacement_enabled: compile_time_info.hot_module_replacement_enabled,
        import_meta_env_base_url: compile_time_info.import_meta_env_base_url.clone(),
    }
    .cell())
}

// Process all argument effects first so they happen exactly once. If we model the behavior of
// closures passed to more functions, their effects need to be inlined at the appropriate spot like
// the Array.prototype.map handling above.
fn process_effect_args<'a>(
    args: BumpVec<'a, EffectArg<'a>>,
    queue_stack: &mut Vec<Action<'a>>,
) -> Vec<JsValue<'a>> {
    args.into_iter()
        .map(|effect_arg| match effect_arg {
            EffectArg::Value(value) => value,
            EffectArg::Closure(value, block) => {
                add_effects(
                    queue_stack,
                    BumpVec::from(BumpBox::into_inner(block).effects),
                );
                value
            }
            EffectArg::Spread => {
                JsValue::unknown_empty(true, rcstr!("spread is not supported yet"))
            }
        })
        .collect()
}

async fn handle_call<'a>(
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    span: Span,
    func: JsValue<'a>,
    unlinked_args: Vec<JsValue<'a>>,
    state: &AnalysisState<'a>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
    in_try: bool,
    new: bool,
    attributes: &ImportAttributes,
    call_usage: ExportUsage,
) -> Result<()> {
    let &AnalysisState {
        handler,
        origin,
        module,
        source,
        compile_time_info,
        ignore_dynamic_requests,
        url_rewrite_behavior,
        collect_affecting_sources,
        tracing_only,
        ..
    } = state;

    // Create a OnceCell to cache linked args across multiple calls
    let linked_args_cache = OnceCell::new();

    // Create the lazy linking closure that will be passed to handle_well_known_function_call
    let linked_args = || {
        linked_args_cache.get_or_try_init(|| {
            unlinked_args
                .iter()
                .map(|arg| arg.clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default()))
                .map(|arg| state.link_value(arg, ImportAttributes::empty_ref()))
                .try_join()
        })
    };

    match func {
        JsValue::Alternatives {
            total_nodes: _,
            values,
            logical_property: _,
        } => {
            for alt in values {
                if let JsValue::WellKnownFunction(wkf) = alt {
                    // Only register the reference, but don't perform replacement, as it might
                    // not actually be a require at runtime (due to the
                    // alternatives)
                    handle_well_known_function_call(
                        wkf,
                        new,
                        ValueLinkContext::InAlternative,
                        &linked_args,
                        handler,
                        span,
                        ignore_dynamic_requests,
                        analysis,
                        origin,
                        ResolvedVc::upcast(module),
                        compile_time_info,
                        url_rewrite_behavior,
                        source,
                        ast_path,
                        in_try,
                        state,
                        collect_affecting_sources,
                        tracing_only,
                        attributes,
                        call_usage.clone(),
                    )
                    .await?;
                }
            }
        }
        JsValue::WellKnownFunction(wkf) => {
            handle_well_known_function_call(
                wkf,
                new,
                ValueLinkContext::Default,
                &linked_args,
                handler,
                span,
                ignore_dynamic_requests,
                analysis,
                origin,
                ResolvedVc::upcast(module),
                compile_time_info,
                url_rewrite_behavior,
                source,
                ast_path,
                in_try,
                state,
                collect_affecting_sources,
                tracing_only,
                attributes,
                call_usage,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        _ => {}
    }

    Ok(())
}

async fn handle_dynamic_import<'a>(
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    span: Span,
    unlinked_args: Vec<JsValue<'a>>,
    state: &AnalysisState<'a>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
    in_try: bool,
    attributes: &ImportAttributes,
    export_usage: ExportUsage,
    link_context: ValueLinkContext,
) -> Result<()> {
    // If the import has a webpackIgnore/turbopackIgnore comment, skip processing
    // so the import expression is preserved as-is in the output.
    if attributes.ignore {
        return Ok(());
    }

    let &AnalysisState {
        handler,
        origin,
        source,
        ignore_dynamic_requests,
        lazy_compilation,
        ..
    } = state;

    let error_mode = if attributes.optional {
        ResolveErrorMode::Ignore
    } else if in_try {
        ResolveErrorMode::Warn
    } else {
        ResolveErrorMode::Error
    };

    let linked_args = unlinked_args
        .iter()
        .map(|arg| arg.clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default()))
        .map(|arg| state.link_value(arg, ImportAttributes::empty_ref()))
        .try_join()
        .await?;

    handle_dynamic_import_with_linked_args(
        ast_path,
        span,
        &linked_args,
        handler,
        origin,
        source,
        &state.inner_assets,
        ignore_dynamic_requests,
        analysis,
        error_mode,
        state.import_externals,
        export_usage,
        link_context,
        lazy_compilation,
    )
    .await
}

async fn handle_dynamic_import_with_linked_args(
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    span: Span,
    linked_args: &[JsValue<'_>],
    handler: &Handler,
    origin: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    source: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn Source>>,
    inner_assets: &Option<ReadRef<InnerAssets>>,
    ignore_dynamic_requests: bool,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
    error_mode: ResolveErrorMode,
    import_externals: bool,
    export_usage: ExportUsage,
    link_context: ValueLinkContext,
    lazy_compilation: bool,
) -> Result<()> {
    if linked_args.len() == 1 || linked_args.len() == 2 {
        let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&linked_args[0]);
        let options = linked_args.get(1);
        let import_annotations = options
            .and_then(|options| {
                if let JsValue::Object { parts, .. } = options {
                    parts.iter().find_map(|part| {
                        if let ObjectPart::KeyValue(
                            JsValue::Constant(super::analyzer::ConstantValue::Str(key)),
                            value,
                        ) = part
                            && key.as_str() == "with"
                        {
                            return Some(value);
                        }
                        None
                    })
                } else {
                    None
                }
            })
            .and_then(ImportAnnotations::parse_dynamic)
            .unwrap_or_default();
        if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
            let (args, hints) = JsValue::explain_args(linked_args, 10, 2);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("import({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Lint(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::DYNAMIC_IMPORT.to_string(),
                ),
            );
            if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                if link_context != ValueLinkContext::InAlternative {
                    analysis.add_code_gen(DynamicExpression::new_promise(
                        analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                    ));
                }
                return Ok(());
            }
        }

        let resolve_override = if let Some(inner_assets) = &inner_assets
            && let Some(req) = pat.as_constant_string()
            && let Some(a) = inner_assets.get(req)
        {
            Some(*a)
        } else {
            None
        };

        analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
            EsmAsyncAssetReference::new(
                origin,
                Request::parse(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                issue_source(source, span),
                import_annotations,
                error_mode,
                import_externals,
                export_usage,
                resolve_override,
                lazy_compilation,
            )
            .await?,
            analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
            link_context,
        );
        return Ok(());
    }
    let (args, hints) = JsValue::explain_args(linked_args, 10, 2);
    handler.span_warn_with_code(
        span,
        &format!("import({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
        DiagnosticId::Error(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::DYNAMIC_IMPORT.to_string()),
    );

    Ok(())
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum ValueLinkContext {
    Default,
    // The given value/callee was linked inside an alternative. Codegen replacements probably
    // shouldn't be performed.
    InAlternative,
}

async fn handle_well_known_function_call<'a, 'l, F, Fut>(
    func: WellKnownFunctionKind<'a>,
    new: bool,
    link_context: ValueLinkContext,
    linked_args: &F,
    handler: &Handler,
    span: Span,
    ignore_dynamic_requests: bool,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
    origin: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    parent_module: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn Module>>,
    compile_time_info: ResolvedVc<CompileTimeInfo>,
    url_rewrite_behavior: Option<UrlRewriteBehavior>,
    source: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn Source>>,
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    in_try: bool,
    state: &AnalysisState<'a>,
    collect_affecting_sources: bool,
    tracing_only: bool,
    attributes: &ImportAttributes,
    call_usage: ExportUsage,
) -> Result<()>
where
    'a: 'l,
    F: Fn() -> Fut,
    Fut: Future<Output = Result<&'l Vec<JsValue<'a>>>>,
{
    fn explain_args(args: &[JsValue<'_>]) -> (String, String) {
        JsValue::explain_args(args, 10, 2)
    }

    if link_context == ValueLinkContext::InAlternative
        && analysis.analyze_mode.is_codegen
        && !analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references
    {
        // We are in an alternative (can't do any replacement anyway) and are only running
        // codegen, so assume that we only care about the bundled output, not speculative
        // references. Tracing modes still need to collect these references.
        return Ok(());
    }

    let error_mode = if attributes.optional {
        // Explicitly marked optional
        ResolveErrorMode::Ignore
    } else if in_try || link_context == ValueLinkContext::InAlternative {
        // In try-catch, or we are not certain that this function is called at runtime (e.g. in a
        // logical alternative).
        ResolveErrorMode::Warn
    } else {
        ResolveErrorMode::Error
    };

    let get_traced_project_dirs = async || -> Result<(Option<FileSystemPath>, FileSystemPath)> {
        let fallback = source.ident().await?.path.parent();
        if let Some(cwd) = compile_time_info.environment().cwd().owned().await? {
            if state.allow_project_root_tracing {
                return Ok((None, cwd));
            }
            // Resolve only static files from the project root. All paths, including dynamic
            // alternatives and directories, are still traced from the package directory.
            return Ok((Some(cwd), fallback));
        }
        Ok((None, fallback))
    };

    let get_issue_source =
        || IssueSource::from_swc_offsets(source, span.lo.to_u32(), span.hi.to_u32());
    if new {
        match func {
            WellKnownFunctionKind::URLConstructor => {
                let args = linked_args().await?;
                if let [url, JsValue::Member(_, member_obj, member_prop)] = &args[..]
                    && let JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::ImportMeta) = &**member_obj
                    && let JsValue::Constant(super::analyzer::ConstantValue::Str(meta_prop)) =
                        &**member_prop
                    && meta_prop.as_str() == "url"
                {
                    let pat = js_value_to_pattern(url);
                    if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                        let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                        handler.span_warn_with_code(
                            span,
                            &format!("new URL({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                            DiagnosticId::Lint(
                                errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_URL_IMPORT_META
                                    .to_string(),
                            ),
                        );
                        if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }
                    let error_mode = if in_try {
                        ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                    } else {
                        ResolveErrorMode::Error
                    };
                    analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                        UrlAssetReference::new(
                            origin,
                            Request::parse(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                            *compile_time_info.environment().rendering().await?,
                            issue_source(source, span),
                            error_mode,
                            url_rewrite_behavior.unwrap_or(UrlRewriteBehavior::Relative),
                        ),
                        analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                        link_context,
                    );
                }
                return Ok(());
            }
            WellKnownFunctionKind::WorkerConstructor
            | WellKnownFunctionKind::SharedWorkerConstructor => {
                let args = linked_args().await?;
                if let Some(url @ JsValue::Url(_, JsValueUrlKind::Relative)) = args.first() {
                    let (name, is_shared) = match func {
                        WellKnownFunctionKind::WorkerConstructor => ("Worker", false),
                        WellKnownFunctionKind::SharedWorkerConstructor => ("SharedWorker", true),
                        _ => unreachable!(),
                    };
                    let pat = js_value_to_pattern(url);
                    if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                        let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                        handler.span_warn_with_code(
                            span,
                            &format!("new {name}({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                            DiagnosticId::Lint(
                                errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_WORKER.to_string(),
                            ),
                        );
                        if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }

                    if *compile_time_info.environment().rendering().await? == Rendering::Client {
                        let error_mode = if in_try {
                            ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                        } else {
                            ResolveErrorMode::Error
                        };
                        analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                            WorkerAssetReference::new_web_worker(
                                origin,
                                Request::parse(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                                issue_source(source, span),
                                error_mode,
                                tracing_only,
                                is_shared,
                            ),
                            analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                            link_context,
                        );
                    }

                    return Ok(());
                }
                // Ignore (e.g. dynamic parameter or string literal), just as Webpack does
                return Ok(());
            }
            WellKnownFunctionKind::NodeWorkerConstructor => {
                let args = linked_args().await?;
                if !args.is_empty() {
                    // When `{ eval: true }` is passed as the second argument,
                    // the first argument is inline JS code, not a file path.
                    // Skip creating a worker reference in that case.
                    let mut dynamic_warning: Option<&str> = None;
                    if let Some(opts) = args.get(1) {
                        match opts {
                            JsValue::Object { parts, .. } => {
                                let eval_value = parts.iter().find_map(|part| match part {
                                    ObjectPart::KeyValue(
                                        JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(key)),
                                        value,
                                    ) if key.as_str() == "eval" => Some(value),
                                    _ => None,
                                });
                                if let Some(eval_value) = eval_value {
                                    match eval_value {
                                        // eval: true — first arg is code, not a
                                        // path
                                        JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::True) => {
                                            return Ok(());
                                        }
                                        // eval: false — first arg is a path,
                                        // continue normally
                                        JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::False) => {}
                                        // eval is set but not a literal boolean
                                        _ => {
                                            dynamic_warning = Some("has a dynamic `eval` option");
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            // Options argument is not a static object literal —
                            // we can't inspect it for `eval: true`
                            _ => {
                                dynamic_warning = Some("has a dynamic options argument");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if let Some(warning) = dynamic_warning {
                        let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                        handler.span_warn_with_code(
                            span,
                            &format!("new Worker({args}) {warning}{hints}"),
                            DiagnosticId::Lint(
                                errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_WORKER.to_string(),
                            ),
                        );
                        if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }

                    let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
                    if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                        let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                        handler.span_warn_with_code(
                            span,
                            &format!("new Worker({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                            DiagnosticId::Lint(
                                errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_WORKER.to_string(),
                            ),
                        );
                        if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }

                    let error_mode = if in_try {
                        ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                    } else {
                        ResolveErrorMode::Error
                    };
                    // WorkerThreads resolve URLs relative to import.meta.url
                    // and string paths relative to the process root
                    let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) = if matches!(
                        args.first(),
                        Some(JsValue::Url(_, JsValueUrlKind::Relative))
                    ) {
                        (None, origin.into_trait_ref().await?.origin_path().parent())
                    } else {
                        get_traced_project_dirs().await?
                    };
                    analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                        WorkerAssetReference::new_node_worker_thread(
                            origin,
                            static_files_only_context_dir,
                            fallback_context_dir,
                            Pattern::new(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                            collect_affecting_sources,
                            get_issue_source(),
                            error_mode,
                            tracing_only,
                        ),
                        analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                        link_context,
                    );

                    return Ok(());
                }
                let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                handler.span_warn_with_code(
                    span,
                    &format!("new Worker({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                    DiagnosticId::Error(
                        errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_WORKER.to_string(),
                    ),
                );
                // Ignore (e.g. dynamic parameter or string literal)
                return Ok(());
            }
            _ => {}
        }

        return Ok(());
    }

    match func {
        WellKnownFunctionKind::Import => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            let export_usage = match &attributes.export_names {
                Some(names) if names.is_empty() => ExportUsage::Evaluation,
                Some(names) => ExportUsage::PartialNamespaceObject(names.clone()),
                None => ExportUsage::All,
            };
            handle_dynamic_import_with_linked_args(
                ast_path,
                span,
                args,
                handler,
                origin,
                source,
                &state.inner_assets,
                ignore_dynamic_requests,
                analysis,
                error_mode,
                state.import_externals,
                export_usage,
                link_context,
                state.lazy_compilation,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::Require => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 1 {
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("require({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::REQUIRE.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        if link_context != ValueLinkContext::InAlternative {
                            analysis.add_code_gen(DynamicExpression::new(
                                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                            ));
                        }
                        return Ok(());
                    }
                }

                let resolve_override = if let Some(inner_assets) = &state.inner_assets
                    && let Some(req) = pat.as_constant_string()
                    && let Some(a) = inner_assets.get(req)
                {
                    Some(*a)
                } else {
                    None
                };

                analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                    CjsRequireAssetReference::new(
                        origin,
                        Request::parse(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                        issue_source(source, span),
                        error_mode,
                        attributes.chunking_type,
                        resolve_override,
                        call_usage.clone(),
                        state.cjs_tree_shaking,
                    ),
                    analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                    link_context,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("require({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::REQUIRE.to_string()),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireFrom(rel) => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 1 {
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("createRequire()({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::REQUIRE.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        if link_context != ValueLinkContext::InAlternative {
                            analysis.add_code_gen(DynamicExpression::new(
                                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                            ));
                        }
                        return Ok(());
                    }
                }
                let origin_ref = origin.into_trait_ref().await?;
                let origin = ResolvedVc::upcast(
                    PlainResolveOrigin::new(
                        *origin_ref.asset_context(),
                        origin_ref
                            .origin_path()
                            .parent()
                            .join(rel.as_str())?
                            .join("_")?,
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
                );

                analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                    CjsRequireAssetReference::new(
                        origin,
                        Request::parse(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                        issue_source(source, span),
                        error_mode,
                        attributes.chunking_type,
                        None,
                        call_usage.clone(),
                        state.cjs_tree_shaking,
                    ),
                    analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                    link_context,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("createRequire()({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::REQUIRE.to_string()),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::Define => {
            analyze_amd_define(
                source,
                analysis,
                origin,
                handler,
                span,
                ast_path,
                linked_args().await?,
                error_mode,
            )
            .await?;
        }

        WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireResolve => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 1 || args.len() == 2 {
                // TODO error TP1003 require.resolve(???*0*, {"paths": [???*1*]}) is not
                // statically analyze-able with ignore_dynamic_requests =
                // true
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("require.resolve({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::REQUIRE_RESOLVE.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        if link_context != ValueLinkContext::InAlternative {
                            analysis.add_code_gen(DynamicExpression::new(
                                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                            ));
                        }
                        return Ok(());
                    }
                }

                let resolve_override = if let Some(inner_assets) = &state.inner_assets
                    && let Some(req) = pat.as_constant_string()
                    && let Some(a) = inner_assets.get(req)
                {
                    Some(*a)
                } else {
                    None
                };

                analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                    CjsRequireResolveAssetReference::new(
                        origin,
                        Request::parse(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                        issue_source(source, span),
                        error_mode,
                        attributes.chunking_type,
                        resolve_override,
                    ),
                    analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                    link_context,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("require.resolve({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::REQUIRE_RESOLVE.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }

        WellKnownFunctionKind::ImportMetaGlob => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            let Some(options) = parse_import_meta_glob(
                args,
                handler,
                span,
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::IMPORT_META_GLOB.to_string(),
                ),
            ) else {
                return Ok(());
            };

            analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                ImportMetaGlobAssetReference::new(
                    origin,
                    options.patterns,
                    options.eager,
                    state.lazy_compilation,
                    options.import,
                    options.query,
                    options.base,
                    options.case_sensitive,
                    Some(issue_source(source, span)),
                    error_mode,
                ),
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                link_context,
            );
        }

        WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireContext => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            let options = match parse_require_context(args) {
                Ok(options) => options,
                Err(err) => {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_err_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!(
                            "require.context({args}) is not statically analyze-able: {}{hints}",
                            PrettyPrintError(&err)
                        ),
                        DiagnosticId::Error(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::REQUIRE_CONTEXT.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    return Ok(());
                }
            };

            analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                RequireContextAssetReference::new(
                    source,
                    origin,
                    options.dir,
                    options.include_subdirs,
                    options.filter.cell(),
                    Some(issue_source(source, span)),
                    error_mode,
                )
                .await?,
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                link_context,
            );
        }

        WellKnownFunctionKind::FsReadMethod(name)
            if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references =>
        {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if !args.is_empty() {
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("fs.{name}({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::FS_METHOD.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        return Ok(());
                    }
                }
                let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                    get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
                analysis.add_reference(
                    FileSourceReference::new(
                        static_files_only_context_dir,
                        fallback_context_dir,
                        Pattern::new(pat),
                        collect_affecting_sources,
                        get_issue_source(),
                        format!("fs.{name}").into(),
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("fs.{name}({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::FS_METHOD.to_string()),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::FsReadDir if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if !args.is_empty() {
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("fs.readdir({args}) is very dynamic{hints}"),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::FS_METHOD.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        return Ok(());
                    }
                }
                let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                    get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
                analysis.add_reference(
                    DirAssetReference::new(
                        static_files_only_context_dir,
                        fallback_context_dir,
                        Pattern::new(pat),
                        get_issue_source(),
                        rcstr!("fs.readdir"),
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("fs.readdir({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}"),
                DiagnosticId::Error(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::FS_METHOD.to_string()),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::PathResolve(..) if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            let parent_path = origin.into_trait_ref().await?.origin_path().parent();
            let args = linked_args().await?;

            let linked_func_call = state
                .link_value(
                    JsValue::call_from_parts(
                        state.arena.get_or_default(),
                        JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::PathResolve(
                            state
                                .arena
                                .get_or_default()
                                .alloc(parent_path.path.as_str().into()),
                        )),
                        BumpVec::from_iter_in(
                            state.arena.get_or_default(),
                            args.iter()
                                .map(|a| a.clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default())),
                        ),
                    ),
                    ImportAttributes::empty_ref(),
                )
                .await?;

            let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&linked_func_call);
            if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                handler.span_warn_with_code(
                    span,
                    &format!("path.resolve({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                    DiagnosticId::Lint(
                        errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::PATH_METHOD.to_string(),
                    ),
                );
                if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                    return Ok(());
                }
            }
            let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
            analysis.add_reference(
                DirAssetReference::new(
                    static_files_only_context_dir,
                    fallback_context_dir,
                    Pattern::new(pat),
                    get_issue_source(),
                    rcstr!("path.resolve"),
                )
                .to_resolved()
                .await?,
            );
            return Ok(());
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::PathJoin if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            // ignore path.join in `node-gyp`, it will includes too many files
            if source
                .ident()
                .await?
                .path
                .path
                .contains("node_modules/node-gyp")
            {
                return Ok(());
            }
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            let linked_func_call = state
                .link_value(
                    JsValue::call_from_parts(
                        state.arena.get_or_default(),
                        JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::PathJoin),
                        BumpVec::from_iter_in(
                            state.arena.get_or_default(),
                            args.iter()
                                .map(|a| a.clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default())),
                        ),
                    ),
                    ImportAttributes::empty_ref(),
                )
                .await?;
            let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&linked_func_call);
            if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                handler.span_warn_with_code(
                    span,
                    &format!("path.join({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                    DiagnosticId::Lint(
                        errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::PATH_METHOD.to_string(),
                    ),
                );
                if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                    return Ok(());
                }
            }
            let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
            analysis.add_reference(
                DirAssetReference::new(
                    static_files_only_context_dir,
                    fallback_context_dir,
                    Pattern::new(pat),
                    get_issue_source(),
                    rcstr!("path.join"),
                )
                .to_resolved()
                .await?,
            );
            return Ok(());
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::ChildProcessSpawnMethod(name)
            if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references =>
        {
            let args = linked_args().await?;

            // Is this specifically `spawn(process.argv[0], ['-e', ...])`?
            if is_invoking_node_process_eval(args) {
                return Ok(());
            }

            if !args.is_empty() {
                let mut show_dynamic_warning = false;
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
                if pat.is_match_ignore_dynamic("node") && args.len() >= 2 {
                    let first_arg = JsValue::member(
                        state.arena.get_or_default(),
                        args[1].clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default()),
                        0_f64.into(),
                    );
                    let first_arg = state
                        .link_value(first_arg, ImportAttributes::empty_ref())
                        .await?;
                    let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&first_arg);
                    let dynamic = !pat.has_constant_parts();
                    if dynamic {
                        show_dynamic_warning = true;
                    }
                    if !dynamic || !ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        let error_mode = if in_try {
                            ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                        } else {
                            ResolveErrorMode::Error
                        };
                        analysis.add_reference(
                            CjsAssetReference::new(
                                *origin,
                                Request::parse(pat),
                                issue_source(source, span),
                                error_mode,
                            )
                            .to_resolved()
                            .await?,
                        );
                    }
                }
                let dynamic = !pat.has_constant_parts();
                if dynamic {
                    show_dynamic_warning = true;
                }
                if !dynamic || !ignore_dynamic_requests {
                    let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                        get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
                    analysis.add_reference(
                        FileSourceReference::new(
                            static_files_only_context_dir,
                            fallback_context_dir,
                            Pattern::new(pat),
                            collect_affecting_sources,
                            IssueSource::from_swc_offsets(
                                source,
                                span.lo.to_u32(),
                                span.hi.to_u32(),
                            ),
                            format!("child_process.{name}").into(),
                        )
                        .to_resolved()
                        .await?,
                    );
                }
                if show_dynamic_warning {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("child_process.{name}({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::CHILD_PROCESS_SPAWN.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                }
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("child_process.{name}({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::CHILD_PROCESS_SPAWN.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::ChildProcessFork if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if !args.is_empty() {
                let first_arg = &args[0];
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(first_arg);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("child_process.fork({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::CHILD_PROCESS_SPAWN.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        return Ok(());
                    }
                }
                let error_mode = if in_try {
                    ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                } else {
                    ResolveErrorMode::Error
                };
                analysis.add_reference(
                    CjsAssetReference::new(
                        *origin,
                        Request::parse(pat),
                        issue_source(source, span),
                        error_mode,
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("child_process.fork({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::CHILD_PROCESS_SPAWN.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::NodePreGypFind if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            use turbopack_resolve::node_native_binding::NodePreGypConfigReference;

            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 1 {
                let first_arg = &args[0];
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(first_arg);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("node-pre-gyp.find({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_PRE_GYP_FIND.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    // Always ignore this dynamic request
                    return Ok(());
                }
                analysis.add_reference(
                    NodePreGypConfigReference::new(
                        origin.into_trait_ref().await?.origin_path().parent(),
                        Pattern::new(pat),
                        compile_time_info.environment().compile_target(),
                        collect_affecting_sources,
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!(
                    "require('@mapbox/node-pre-gyp').find({args}) is not statically \
                     analyze-able{hints}",
                ),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_PRE_GYP_FIND.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::NodeGypBuild if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            use turbopack_resolve::node_native_binding::NodeGypBuildReference;

            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 1 {
                let first_arg = state
                    .link_value(
                        args[0].clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default()),
                        ImportAttributes::empty_ref(),
                    )
                    .await?;
                if let Some(s) = first_arg.as_str() {
                    // TODO this resolving should happen within Vc<NodeGypBuildReference>
                    let current_context = origin
                        .into_trait_ref()
                        .await?
                        .origin_path()
                        .root()
                        .await?
                        .join(s.trim_start_matches("/ROOT/"))?;
                    analysis.add_reference(
                        NodeGypBuildReference::new(
                            current_context,
                            collect_affecting_sources,
                            compile_time_info.environment().compile_target(),
                        )
                        .to_resolved()
                        .await?,
                    );
                    return Ok(());
                }
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                    span,
                    &format!(
                        "require('node-gyp-build')({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",
                    ),
                    DiagnosticId::Error(
                        errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_GYP_BUILD.to_string(),
                    ),
                )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::NodeBindings if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            use turbopack_resolve::node_native_binding::NodeBindingsReference;

            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 1 {
                let first_arg = state
                    .link_value(
                        args[0].clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default()),
                        ImportAttributes::empty_ref(),
                    )
                    .await?;
                if let Some(s) = first_arg.as_str() {
                    analysis.add_reference(
                        NodeBindingsReference::new(
                            origin.into_trait_ref().await?.origin_path(),
                            s.into(),
                            collect_affecting_sources,
                        )
                        .to_resolved()
                        .await?,
                    );
                    return Ok(());
                }
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("require('bindings')({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_BINDINGS.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::NodeExpressSet if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 2
                && let Some(s) = args.first().and_then(|arg| arg.as_str())
            {
                let pkg_or_dir = args.get(1).unwrap();
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(pkg_or_dir);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!("require('express')().set({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_EXPRESS.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    // Always ignore this dynamic request
                    return Ok(());
                }
                match s {
                    "views" => {
                        if let Pattern::Constant(p) = &pat {
                            let abs_pattern = if p.starts_with("/ROOT/") {
                                pat
                            } else {
                                let linked_func_call = state
                                    .link_value(
                                        JsValue::call_from_iter(
                                            state.arena.get_or_default(),
                                            JsValue::WellKnownFunction(
                                                WellKnownFunctionKind::PathJoin,
                                            ),
                                            [
                                                JsValue::FreeVar(atom!("__dirname")),
                                                pkg_or_dir.clone_in(state.arena.get_or_default()),
                                            ],
                                        ),
                                        ImportAttributes::empty_ref(),
                                    )
                                    .await?;
                                js_value_to_pattern(&linked_func_call)
                            };
                            let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                                get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
                            analysis.add_reference(
                                DirAssetReference::new(
                                    static_files_only_context_dir,
                                    fallback_context_dir,
                                    Pattern::new(abs_pattern),
                                    get_issue_source(),
                                    rcstr!("express().set"),
                                )
                                .to_resolved()
                                .await?,
                            );
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }
                    "view engine" => {
                        if let Some(pkg) = pkg_or_dir.as_str() {
                            if pkg != "html" {
                                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(pkg_or_dir);
                                let error_mode = if in_try {
                                    ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                                } else {
                                    ResolveErrorMode::Error
                                };
                                analysis.add_reference(
                                    CjsAssetReference::new(
                                        *origin,
                                        Request::parse(pat),
                                        issue_source(source, span),
                                        error_mode,
                                    )
                                    .to_resolved()
                                    .await?,
                                );
                            }
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }
                    _ => {}
                }
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("require('express')().set({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_EXPRESS.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::NodeStrongGlobalizeSetRootDir
            if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references =>
        {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if let Some(p) = args.first().and_then(|arg| arg.as_str()) {
                let abs_pattern = if p.starts_with("/ROOT/") {
                    Pattern::Constant(format!("{p}/intl").into())
                } else {
                    let linked_func_call = state
                        .link_value(
                            JsValue::call_from_iter(
                                state.arena.get_or_default(),
                                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::PathJoin),
                                [
                                    JsValue::FreeVar(atom!("__dirname")),
                                    p.into(),
                                    atom!("intl").into(),
                                ],
                            ),
                            ImportAttributes::empty_ref(),
                        )
                        .await?;
                    js_value_to_pattern(&linked_func_call)
                };
                let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                    get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
                analysis.add_reference(
                    DirAssetReference::new(
                        static_files_only_context_dir,
                        fallback_context_dir,
                        Pattern::new(abs_pattern),
                        get_issue_source(),
                        rcstr!("strong-globalize.SetRootDir"),
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!(
                    "require('strong-globalize').SetRootDir({args}) is not statically \
                     analyze-able{hints}",
                ),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_GYP_BUILD.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::NodeResolveFrom if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 2 && args.get(1).and_then(|arg| arg.as_str()).is_some() {
                let error_mode = if in_try {
                    ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                } else {
                    ResolveErrorMode::Error
                };
                analysis.add_reference(
                    CjsAssetReference::new(
                        *origin,
                        Request::parse(js_value_to_pattern(&args[1])),
                        issue_source(source, span),
                        error_mode,
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("require('resolve-from')({args}) is not statically analyze-able{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_RESOLVE_FROM.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::NodeProtobufLoad if analysis.analyze_mode.trace_file_references => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if args.len() == 2
                && let Some(JsValue::Object { parts, .. }) = args.get(1)
            {
                let (static_files_only_context_dir, fallback_context_dir) =
                    get_traced_project_dirs().await?;
                let resolved_dirs = parts
                    .iter()
                    .filter_map(|object_part| match object_part {
                        ObjectPart::KeyValue(
                            JsValue::Constant(key),
                            JsValue::Array { items: dirs, .. },
                        ) if key.as_str() == Some("includeDirs") => {
                            Some(dirs.iter().filter_map(|dir| dir.as_str()))
                        }
                        _ => None,
                    })
                    .flatten()
                    .map(|dir| {
                        DirAssetReference::new(
                            static_files_only_context_dir.clone(),
                            fallback_context_dir.clone(),
                            Pattern::new(Pattern::Constant(dir.into())),
                            get_issue_source(),
                            rcstr!("protobufjs.load"),
                        )
                        .to_resolved()
                    })
                    .join()
                    .await;

                for resolved_dir_ref in resolved_dirs {
                    analysis.add_reference(resolved_dir_ref?);
                }

                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!(
                    "require('@grpc/proto-loader').load({args}) is not statically \
                     analyze-able{hints}",
                ),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NODE_PROTOBUF_LOADER.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        kind @ (WellKnownFunctionKind::ModuleHotAccept
        | WellKnownFunctionKind::ModuleHotDecline) => {
            let is_accept = matches!(kind, WellKnownFunctionKind::ModuleHotAccept);
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if let Some(first_arg) = args.first() {
                if let Some(dep_strings) = extract_hot_dep_strings(first_arg) {
                    let mut references = Vec::new();
                    let mut esm_references = Vec::new();
                    for dep_str in &dep_strings {
                        let request = Request::parse_string(dep_str.clone()).to_resolved().await?;
                        let reference = ModuleHotReferenceAssetReference::new(
                            *origin,
                            *request,
                            issue_source(source, span),
                            error_mode,
                            state.is_esm,
                        )
                        .to_resolved()
                        .await?;
                        analysis.add_reference(reference);
                        references.push(reference);

                        // For accept, find a matching ESM import so we can
                        // re-assign the namespace binding after the update.
                        let esm_ref = if is_accept {
                            state
                                .imports
                                .references()
                                .enumerate()
                                .find(|(_, r)| r.module_path.to_string_lossy() == dep_str.as_str())
                                .and_then(|(idx, _)| state.import_references.get(idx).copied())
                        } else {
                            None
                        };
                        esm_references.push(esm_ref);
                    }
                    analysis.add_code_gen(ModuleHotReferenceCodeGen::new(
                        references,
                        esm_references,
                        analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                    ));
                } else if first_arg.is_unknown() {
                    let (args_str, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    let method = if is_accept { "accept" } else { "decline" };
                    let error_code = if is_accept {
                        errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::MODULE_HOT_ACCEPT
                    } else {
                        errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::MODULE_HOT_DECLINE
                    };
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!(
                            "module.hot.{method}({args_str}) is not statically analyzable{hints}",
                        ),
                        DiagnosticId::Error(error_code.to_string()),
                    )
                }
            }
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::ServiceWorkerRegister => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if let Some(url @ JsValue::Url(_, JsValueUrlKind::Relative)) = args.first() {
                let pat = js_value_to_pattern(url);
                if !pat.has_constant_parts() {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!(
                            "navigator.serviceWorker.register({args}) is very dynamic{hints}",
                        ),
                        DiagnosticId::Lint(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_WORKER.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    if ignore_dynamic_requests {
                        return Ok(());
                    }
                }

                if *compile_time_info.environment().rendering().await? == Rendering::Client {
                    let error_mode = if in_try {
                        ResolveErrorMode::Warn
                    } else {
                        ResolveErrorMode::Error
                    };
                    // A static `scope` option selects the served file name (one worker per
                    // scope). Defaults to "/" (served at /sw.js).
                    let scope: RcStr = match args.get(1) {
                        Some(JsValue::Object { parts, .. }) => {
                            let scope_value = parts.iter().find_map(|part| match part {
                                ObjectPart::KeyValue(
                                    JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(key)),
                                    value,
                                ) if key.as_str() == "scope" => Some(value),
                                _ => None,
                            });
                            match scope_value {
                                // No `scope` key: register at the default scope.
                                None => rcstr!("/"),
                                Some(JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(value))) => {
                                    let scope = value.as_str();
                                    // The scope must be an absolute path (starting with `/`) so
                                    // it can be prefixed with the host's base path and served
                                    // from a stable, root-relative URL. Reject relative scopes
                                    // rather than silently registering at the wrong scope.
                                    if !scope.starts_with('/') {
                                        let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                                        handler.span_warn_with_code(
                                            span,
                                            &format!(
                                                "navigator.serviceWorker.register({args}) has a \
                                                 `scope` that does not start with `/`{hints}",
                                            ),
                                            DiagnosticId::Error(
                                                errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_WORKER
                                                    .to_string(),
                                            ),
                                        );
                                        return Ok(());
                                    }
                                    scope.into()
                                }
                                // A `scope` was provided but can't be analyzed statically;
                                // don't silently register at the wrong scope.
                                Some(_) => {
                                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                                        span,
                                        &format!(
                                            "navigator.serviceWorker.register({args}) has a \
                                             `scope` that is not statically analyze-able{hints}",
                                        ),
                                        DiagnosticId::Error(
                                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::NEW_WORKER
                                                .to_string(),
                                        ),
                                    );
                                    return Ok(());
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        // No options argument: register at the default scope.
                        _ => rcstr!("/"),
                    };
                    analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                        ServiceWorkerAssetReference::new(
                            origin,
                            Request::parse(pat).to_resolved().await?,
                            scope,
                            issue_source(source, span),
                            error_mode,
                        ),
                        analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                        link_context,
                    );
                }
            }
            return Ok(());
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::TurbopackEmit => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            let (specifier, options) = match &args[..] {
                [
                    JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(specifier)),
                    JsValue::Object { parts: options, .. },
                ] => (Some(specifier), Some(options)),
                [JsValue::Object { parts: options, .. }] => (None, Some(options)),
                _ => (None, None),
            };

            if let Some(options) = options {
                let invalid_args = |key: &str| {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!(
                            "Unsupported property \"{key}\" for __turbopack_emit__({args}) \
                             call{hints}",
                        ),
                        DiagnosticId::Error(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::TURBOPACK_EMIT.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    Ok(())
                };

                let mut namespace = None;
                let mut data = None;
                let mut emit_scope = None;
                let mut with = None;
                let mut exports = None;

                for part in options {
                    if let ObjectPart::KeyValue(
                        JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(key)),
                        value,
                    ) = part
                    {
                        match key.as_str() {
                            "namespace" => namespace = Some(value),
                            "data" => data = Some(value),
                            "scope" => emit_scope = Some(value),
                            "with" => with = Some(value),
                            "exports" => exports = Some(value),
                            v => return invalid_args(v),
                        }
                    }
                }

                let Some(JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(namespace))) = namespace else {
                    return invalid_args("namespace");
                };
                let Some(annotations) = with.map_or_else(
                    || Some(ImportAnnotations::default()),
                    |v| ImportAnnotations::parse_dynamic(v),
                ) else {
                    return invalid_args("with");
                };
                let emit_to_all_entries = match emit_scope {
                    Some(JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(emit_scope))) => {
                        match emit_scope.as_str() {
                            "app" => true,
                            "entry" => false,
                            _ => return invalid_args("scope"),
                        }
                    }
                    None => false,
                    _ => return invalid_args("scope"),
                };
                let exports = match exports {
                    Some(JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(export))) => {
                        ExportUsage::Named(export.as_rcstr())
                    }
                    Some(JsValue::Array { items, .. }) => {
                        let mut result = vec![];
                        for item in items {
                            if let JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(export)) = item {
                                result.push(export.as_rcstr());
                            } else {
                                return invalid_args("exports");
                            }
                        }
                        match result.len() {
                            0 => ExportUsage::Evaluation,
                            1 => ExportUsage::Named(result.into_iter().next().unwrap()),
                            _ => ExportUsage::PartialNamespaceObject(result.into()),
                        }
                    }
                    None => ExportUsage::All,
                    _ => return invalid_args("exports"),
                };

                analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                    EmitReference::new(
                        origin,
                        Request::parse_string(
                            specifier
                                // TODO support data-only emit
                                .context("Data-only emit is currently not implemented")?
                                .as_rcstr(),
                        )
                        .to_resolved()
                        .await?,
                        issue_source(source, span),
                        annotations,
                        ResolveErrorMode::Error,
                        exports,
                        namespace.as_rcstr(),
                        match data {
                            Some(value) => match CompileTimeDefineValue::try_from(value) {
                                Ok(v) => Some(v),
                                Err(e) => {
                                    bail!(
                                        "The data for __turbopack_emit__ is not a compile-time \
                                         constant: {value:?}: {e}"
                                    );
                                }
                            },
                            None => None,
                        },
                        emit_to_all_entries,
                    ),
                    analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                    link_context,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("Unsupported arguments for __turbopack_emit__({args}) call{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::TURBOPACK_EMIT.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        WellKnownFunctionKind::TurbopackCollect => {
            let args = linked_args().await?;
            if let [JsValue::Object { parts: options, .. }] = &args[..] {
                let invalid_args = |key: &str| {
                    let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        &format!(
                            "Unsupported property \"{key}\" for __turbopack_collect__({args}) \
                             call{hints}",
                        ),
                        DiagnosticId::Error(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::TURBOPACK_COLLECT.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    Ok(())
                };

                let mut namespace = None;

                for part in options {
                    if let ObjectPart::KeyValue(
                        JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(key)),
                        value,
                    ) = part
                    {
                        match key.as_str() {
                            "namespace" => namespace = Some(value),
                            v => return invalid_args(v),
                        }
                    }
                }

                let Some(JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(namespace))) = namespace else {
                    return invalid_args("namespace");
                };

                analysis.add_reference_code_gen(
                    CollectReference::new(origin, parent_module, namespace.as_rcstr()),
                    analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                    link_context,
                );
                return Ok(());
            }
            let (args, hints) = explain_args(args);
            handler.span_warn_with_code(
                span,
                &format!("Unsupported arguments for __turbopack_collect__({args}) call{hints}",),
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::TURBOPACK_COLLECT.to_string(),
                ),
            )
        }
        _ => {}
    };
    Ok(())
}

/// Extracts dependency strings from the first argument of module.hot.accept/decline.
/// Returns None if the argument is not a string or array of strings (e.g., it's a function
/// for self-accept).
fn extract_hot_dep_strings(arg: &JsValue<'_>) -> Option<Vec<RcStr>> {
    // Single string: module.hot.accept('./dep', cb)
    if let Some(s) = arg.as_str() {
        return Some(vec![s.into()]);
    }
    // Array of strings: module.hot.accept(['./dep-a', './dep-b'], cb)
    if let JsValue::Array { items, .. } = arg {
        let mut deps = Vec::new();
        for item in items {
            deps.push(item.as_str()?.into());
        }
        return Some(deps);
    }
    None
}

enum MembershipType {
    Member { in_truthiness_context: bool },
    In,
}

async fn handle_membership<'a>(
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    link_obj: impl Future<Output = Result<JsValue<'a>>> + Send + Sync,
    prop: JsValue<'a>,
    span: Span,
    state: &AnalysisState<'a>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
    ty: MembershipType,
) -> Result<()> {
    if let Some(prop) = prop.as_str() {
        let has_member = state.free_var_references_members.contains_key(prop).await?;
        let is_prop_cache = prop == "cache";

        let obj = link_obj.await?;
        let obj_name = obj.get_definable_name(Some(&state.var_graph));

        if let [obj_name] = &*obj_name {
            // Exactly one name. We can potentially inline
            if has_member && let Some((mut name, false)) = obj_name.clone() {
                name.0.push(DefinableNameSegmentRef::Name(prop));
                match ty {
                    MembershipType::Member { .. } => {
                        if let Some(value) = state
                            .compile_time_info_ref
                            .free_var_references
                            .get(&name)
                            .await?
                        {
                            // Inline env var
                            handle_free_var_reference(ast_path, &value, span, state, analysis)
                                .await?;
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }
                    MembershipType::In => {
                        if state
                            .compile_time_info_ref
                            .free_var_references
                            .get(&name)
                            .await?
                            .is_some()
                        {
                            analysis.add_code_gen(ConstantValueCodeGen::new(
                                CompileTimeDefineValue::Bool(true),
                                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                            ));
                            return Ok(());
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if is_prop_cache
                && let JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::Require) = &obj
            {
                match ty {
                    MembershipType::Member { .. } => {
                        // Only add references if we are performing codegen
                        if analysis.analyze_mode.is_codegen {
                            handle_free_var_reference(
                                ast_path,
                                // Import the `cache` proxy wrapper helper to satisfy require.cache
                                // This re-exposes the `Map` the runtime uses as a object.
                                &FreeVarReference::EcmaScriptModule {
                                    request: rcstr!("@turbopack/module-cache"),
                                    lookup_path: None,
                                    export: Some(rcstr!("cache")),
                                },
                                span,
                                state,
                                analysis,
                            )
                            .await?;
                        }
                    }
                    MembershipType::In => {
                        analysis.add_code_gen(ConstantValueCodeGen::new(
                            CompileTimeDefineValue::Bool(true),
                            analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                        ));
                    }
                }
                return Ok(());
            }
        }

        // Not inlined, potentially register as runtime env var.
        if obj_name.iter().flatten().any(|(name, reassigned)| {
            !reassigned
                && matches!(
                    name.0.as_slice(),
                    [
                        DefinableNameSegmentRef::Name("process"),
                        DefinableNameSegmentRef::Name("env")
                    ]
                )
        }) {
            match ty {
                MembershipType::In => {
                    analysis.add_runtime_env_var_reference_existence(RcStr::from(prop));
                }
                MembershipType::Member {
                    in_truthiness_context,
                } => {
                    if in_truthiness_context {
                        analysis.add_runtime_env_var_reference_existence(RcStr::from(prop));
                    } else {
                        analysis.add_runtime_env_var_reference_read(RcStr::from(prop));
                    }
                }
            }
            return Ok(());
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

async fn handle_typeof<'a>(
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    arg: JsValue<'a>,
    span: Span,
    state: &AnalysisState<'a>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
) -> Result<()> {
    let arg_name = arg.get_definable_name(Some(&state.var_graph));
    if arg_name.len() == 1
        && let Some((mut name, false)) = arg_name.into_iter().next().unwrap()
    {
        // Exactly one name. We can potentially inline
        name.0.push(DefinableNameSegmentRef::TypeOf);
        if let Some(value) = state
            .compile_time_info_ref
            .free_var_references
            .get(&name)
            .await?
        {
            handle_free_var_reference(ast_path, &value, span, state, analysis).await?;
            return Ok(());
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

async fn handle_free_var<'a>(
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    var: JsValue<'a>,
    span: Span,
    state: &AnalysisState<'a>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
) -> Result<()> {
    // Exactly one name. We can potentially inline
    if let [Some((name, _))] = &*var.get_definable_name(None)
        && let Some(value) = state
            .compile_time_info_ref
            .free_var_references
            .get(name)
            .await?
    {
        handle_free_var_reference(ast_path, &value, span, state, analysis).await?;
        return Ok(());
    }

    Ok(())
}

async fn handle_free_var_reference(
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    value: &FreeVarReference,
    span: Span,
    state: &AnalysisState<'_>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
) -> Result<bool> {
    // We don't want to replace assignments as this would lead to invalid code.
    if matches!(
        ast_path,
        // Matches assignments to members
        [
            ..,
            AstParentKind::AssignExpr(AssignExprField::Left),
            AstParentKind::AssignTarget(AssignTargetField::Simple),
            AstParentKind::SimpleAssignTarget(SimpleAssignTargetField::Member),
        ] |
        // Matches assignments to identifiers
        [
            ..,
            AstParentKind::AssignExpr(AssignExprField::Left),
            AstParentKind::AssignTarget(AssignTargetField::Simple),
            AstParentKind::SimpleAssignTarget(SimpleAssignTargetField::Ident),
            AstParentKind::BindingIdent(BindingIdentField::Id),
        ]
    ) {
        return Ok(false);
    }

    match value {
        FreeVarReference::Value(value) => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(ConstantValueCodeGen::new(
                value.clone(),
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
            ));
        }
        FreeVarReference::Ident(value) => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(IdentReplacement::new(
                value.clone(),
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
            ));
        }
        FreeVarReference::Member(key, value) => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(MemberReplacement::new(
                key.clone(),
                value.clone(),
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
            ));
        }
        FreeVarReference::EcmaScriptModule {
            request,
            lookup_path,
            export,
        } => {
            let esm_reference = analysis
                .add_esm_reference_free_var(request.clone(), async || {
                    // There would be no import in the first place if you don't reference the given
                    // free var (e.g. `process`). This means that it's also fine to remove the
                    // import again if the variable reference turns out be dead code in some later
                    // stage of the build, thus mark the import call as /*@__PURE__*/.
                    Ok(EsmAssetReference::new_pure(
                        state.module,
                        if let Some(lookup_path) = lookup_path {
                            ResolvedVc::upcast(
                                PlainResolveOrigin::new(
                                    *state.origin.into_trait_ref().await?.asset_context(),
                                    lookup_path.clone(),
                                )
                                .to_resolved()
                                .await?,
                            )
                        } else {
                            state.origin
                        },
                        request.clone(),
                        EsmAssetReferenceOptions {
                            issue_source: IssueSource::from_swc_offsets(
                                state.source,
                                span.lo.to_u32(),
                                span.hi.to_u32(),
                            ),
                            annotations: Default::default(),
                            export_name: export.clone().map(ModulePart::export),
                            // TODO This could be optimized. E.g. referencing `Buffer` in some top
                            // level function could set ImportUsage properly here
                            import_usage: ImportUsage::TopLevel,
                            import_externals: state.import_externals,
                            module_fragments_enabled: state.module_fragments_enabled,
                            export_usage_passthrough: None,
                            resolve_override: None,
                        },
                    )
                    .await?
                    .resolved_cell())
                })
                .await?;

            analysis.esm_bindings.add(
                esm_reference,
                export.clone(),
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
            );
        }
        FreeVarReference::InputRelative(kind) => {
            let source_path = (*state.source).ident().await?.path.clone();
            let source_path = match kind {
                InputRelativeConstant::DirName => source_path.parent(),
                InputRelativeConstant::FileName => source_path,
            };
            analysis.add_code_gen(ConstantValueCodeGen::new(
                as_abs_path(source_path).into(),
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
            ));
        }
        FreeVarReference::ReportUsage {
            message,
            severity,
            inner,
        } => {
            state.handler.emit_with_code(
                &span.into(),
                message,
                DiagnosticId::Error(
                    errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::FREE_VAR_REFERENCE.to_string(),
                ),
                match severity {
                    IssueSeverity::Bug => Level::Bug,
                    IssueSeverity::Fatal => Level::Fatal,
                    IssueSeverity::Error => Level::Error,
                    IssueSeverity::Warning => Level::Warning,
                    IssueSeverity::Hint => Level::Help,
                    IssueSeverity::Info | IssueSeverity::Note => Level::Note,
                    IssueSeverity::Suggestion => Level::Cancelled,
                },
            );

            if let Some(inner) = inner {
                return Box::pin(handle_free_var_reference(
                    ast_path, inner, span, state, analysis,
                ))
                .await;
            }
        }
    }
    Ok(true)
}

fn issue_source(source: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn Source>>, span: Span) -> IssueSource {
    IssueSource::from_swc_offsets(source, span.lo.to_u32(), span.hi.to_u32())
}

async fn analyze_amd_define(
    source: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn Source>>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
    origin: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    handler: &Handler,
    span: Span,
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    args: &[JsValue<'_>],
    error_mode: ResolveErrorMode,
) -> Result<()> {
    match args {
        [JsValue::Constant(id), JsValue::Array { items: deps, .. }, _] if id.as_str().is_some() => {
            analyze_amd_define_with_deps(
                source,
                analysis,
                origin,
                handler,
                span,
                ast_path,
                id.as_str(),
                deps,
                error_mode,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        [JsValue::Array { items: deps, .. }, _] => {
            analyze_amd_define_with_deps(
                source, analysis, origin, handler, span, ast_path, None, deps, error_mode,
            )
            .await?;
        }
        [JsValue::Constant(id), JsValue::Function(..)] if id.as_str().is_some() => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(AmdDefineWithDependenciesCodeGen::new(
                vec![
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Require,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Exports,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Module,
                ],
                origin,
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                AmdDefineFactoryType::Function,
                issue_source(source, span),
                error_mode,
            ));
        }
        [JsValue::Constant(id), _] if id.as_str().is_some() => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(AmdDefineWithDependenciesCodeGen::new(
                vec![
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Require,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Exports,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Module,
                ],
                origin,
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                AmdDefineFactoryType::Unknown,
                issue_source(source, span),
                error_mode,
            ));
        }
        [JsValue::Function(..)] => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(AmdDefineWithDependenciesCodeGen::new(
                vec![
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Require,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Exports,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Module,
                ],
                origin,
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                AmdDefineFactoryType::Function,
                issue_source(source, span),
                error_mode,
            ));
        }
        [JsValue::Object { .. }] => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(AmdDefineWithDependenciesCodeGen::new(
                vec![],
                origin,
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                AmdDefineFactoryType::Value,
                issue_source(source, span),
                error_mode,
            ));
        }
        [_] => {
            analysis.add_code_gen(AmdDefineWithDependenciesCodeGen::new(
                vec![
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Require,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Exports,
                    AmdDefineDependencyElement::Module,
                ],
                origin,
                analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
                AmdDefineFactoryType::Unknown,
                issue_source(source, span),
                error_mode,
            ));
        }
        _ => {
            handler.span_err_with_code(
                span,
                "unsupported AMD define() form",
                DiagnosticId::Error(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::AMD_DEFINE.to_string()),
            );
        }
    }

    Ok(())
}

async fn analyze_amd_define_with_deps(
    source: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn Source>>,
    analysis: &mut AnalyzeEcmascriptModuleResultBuilder,
    origin: ResolvedVc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    handler: &Handler,
    span: Span,
    ast_path: &[AstParentKind],
    id: Option<&str>,
    deps: &[JsValue<'_>],
    error_mode: ResolveErrorMode,
) -> Result<()> {
    let mut requests = Vec::new();
    for dep in deps {
        if let Some(dep) = dep.as_str() {
            match dep {
                "exports" => {
                    requests.push(AmdDefineDependencyElement::Exports);
                }
                "require" => {
                    handler.span_warn_with_code(
                        span,
                        "using \"require\" as dependency in an AMD define() is not yet supported",
                        DiagnosticId::Error(
                            errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::AMD_DEFINE.to_string(),
                        ),
                    );
                    requests.push(AmdDefineDependencyElement::Require);
                }
                "module" => {
                    requests.push(AmdDefineDependencyElement::Module);
                }
                _ => {
                    let request = Request::parse_string(dep.into()).to_resolved().await?;
                    let reference = AmdDefineAssetReference::new(
                        *origin,
                        *request,
                        issue_source(source, span),
                        error_mode,
                    )
                    .to_resolved()
                    .await?;
                    requests.push(AmdDefineDependencyElement::Request {
                        request,
                        request_str: dep.to_string(),
                    });
                    analysis.add_reference(reference);
                }
            }
        } else {
            handler.span_err_with_code(
                // TODO(alexkirsz) It'd be best to highlight the argument's span, but
                // `JsValue`s do not keep a hold of their original span.
                span,
                "unsupported AMD define() dependency element form",
                DiagnosticId::Error(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::AMD_DEFINE.to_string()),
            );
        }
    }

    if id.is_some() {
        handler.span_warn_with_code(
            span,
            "passing an ID to AMD define() is not yet fully supported",
            DiagnosticId::Lint(errors::failed_to_analyze::ecmascript::AMD_DEFINE.to_string()),
        );
    }

    analysis.add_code_gen(AmdDefineWithDependenciesCodeGen::new(
        requests,
        origin,
        analysis.intern_path(ast_path),
        AmdDefineFactoryType::Function,
        issue_source(source, span),
        error_mode,
    ));

    Ok(())
}

/// Used to generate the "root" path to a __filename/__dirname/import.meta.url
/// reference.
pub fn as_abs_path(path: FileSystemPath) -> String {
    // TODO: This should be updated to generate a real system path on the fly
    // during runtime, so that the generated code is constant between systems
    // but the runtime evaluation can take into account the project's
    // actual root directory.
    require_resolve(path)
}

/// Generates an absolute path usable for `require.resolve()` calls.
fn require_resolve(path: FileSystemPath) -> String {
    format!("/ROOT/{}", path.path.as_str())
}

async fn early_value_visitor<'a>(
    _arena: &'a ThreadLocal<Bump>,
    mut v: JsValue<'a>,
) -> Result<(JsValue<'a>, Modified)> {
    let modified = early_replace_builtin(&mut v);
    Ok((v, modified))
}

async fn value_visitor<'a>(
    arena: &'a ThreadLocal<Bump>,
    origin: Vc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    origin_path: &FileSystemPath,
    v: JsValue<'a>,
    compile_time_info: Vc<CompileTimeInfo>,
    compile_time_info_ref: &CompileTimeInfo,
    var_graph: &VarGraph<'a>,
    attributes: &ImportAttributes,
    allow_project_root_tracing: bool,
    constants_cache: &Mutex<FxHashMap<ModuleValue, Option<JsValue<'a>>>>,
    import_references: &[ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>],
    cross_module_constants: bool,
) -> Result<(JsValue<'a>, Modified)> {
    let (mut v, modified) = value_visitor_inner(
        arena,
        origin,
        origin_path,
        v,
        compile_time_info,
        compile_time_info_ref,
        var_graph,
        attributes,
        allow_project_root_tracing,
        constants_cache,
        import_references,
        cross_module_constants,
    )
    .await?;
    v.normalize_shallow(arena.get_or_default());
    Ok((v, modified))
}

async fn value_visitor_inner<'a>(
    arena: &'a ThreadLocal<Bump>,
    origin: Vc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    origin_path: &FileSystemPath,
    v: JsValue<'a>,
    compile_time_info: Vc<CompileTimeInfo>,
    compile_time_info_ref: &CompileTimeInfo,
    var_graph: &VarGraph<'a>,
    attributes: &ImportAttributes,
    allow_project_root_tracing: bool,
    constants_cache: &Mutex<FxHashMap<ModuleValue, Option<JsValue<'a>>>>,
    import_references: &[ResolvedVc<EsmAssetReference>],
    cross_module_constants: bool,
) -> Result<(JsValue<'a>, Modified)> {
    if let JsValue::In(_, left, right) = &v
        && let Some(left) = left.as_str()
        && let right_name = right.get_definable_name(Some(var_graph))
        && right_name.len() == 1
        && let Some((mut right_name, false)) = right_name.into_iter().next().unwrap()
    {
        right_name.0.push(DefinableNameSegmentRef::Name(left));
        if compile_time_info_ref
            .defines
            .contains_key(&right_name)
            .await?
        {
            return Ok((JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::True), Modified::Yes));
        }
    }

    if let [Some((name, false))] = &*v.get_definable_name(Some(var_graph))
        && let Some(value) = compile_time_info_ref.defines.get(name).await?
    {
        return Ok((
            JsValue::from_compile_time_define_value_in(arena.get_or_default(), &value)?,
            Modified::Yes,
        ));
    }

    let ImportAttributes { ignore, .. } = *attributes;
    let value = match v {
        JsValue::Call(_, call)
            if matches!(
                call.callee(),
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireResolve)
            ) =>
        {
            let (_, args) = call.into_parts();
            require_resolve_visitor(arena, origin, args).await?
        }
        JsValue::Call(_, ref call)
            if matches!(
                call.callee(),
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::ImportMetaGlob)
            ) =>
        {
            // import.meta.glob() result is handled by the effect handler;
            // in value_visitor_inner we just return unknown.
            v.into_unknown(false, rcstr!("import.meta.glob()"))
        }
        JsValue::Call(_, call)
            if matches!(
                call.callee(),
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireContext)
            ) =>
        {
            let (_, args) = call.into_parts();
            require_context_visitor(arena, origin, origin_path, args).await?
        }
        JsValue::Call(_, ref call)
            if matches!(
                call.callee(),
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(
                    WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireContextRequire(..)
                        | WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireContextRequireKeys(..)
                        | WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireContextRequireResolve(..),
                )
            ) =>
        {
            // TODO: figure out how to do static analysis without invalidating the whole
            // analysis when a new file gets added
            v.into_unknown(
                true,
                rcstr!("require.context() static analysis is currently limited"),
            )
        }
        JsValue::Call(_, ref call)
            if matches!(
                call.callee(),
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::CreateRequire)
            ) =>
        {
            if let [JsValue::Member(_, member_obj, member_prop)] = call.args()
                && let JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::ImportMeta) = &**member_obj
                && let JsValue::Constant(super::analyzer::ConstantValue::Str(prop)) = &**member_prop
                && prop.as_str() == "url"
            {
                // `createRequire(import.meta.url)`
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::Require)
            } else if let [JsValue::Url(rel, JsValueUrlKind::Relative)] = call.args() {
                // `createRequire(new URL("<rel>", import.meta.url))`
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireFrom(Box::new(
                    rel.clone(),
                )))
            } else {
                v.into_unknown(true, rcstr!("createRequire() non constant"))
            }
        }
        JsValue::New(_, ref call)
            if matches!(
                call.callee(),
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::URLConstructor)
            ) =>
        {
            if let [
                JsValue::Constant(super::analyzer::ConstantValue::Str(url)),
                JsValue::Member(_, member_obj, member_prop),
            ] = call.args()
                && let JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::ImportMeta) = &**member_obj
                && let JsValue::Constant(super::analyzer::ConstantValue::Str(prop)) = &**member_prop
            {
                if prop.as_str() == "url" {
                    JsValue::Url(url.clone(), JsValueUrlKind::Relative)
                } else {
                    v.into_unknown(true, rcstr!("new URL() non constant"))
                }
            } else {
                v.into_unknown(true, rcstr!("new non constant"))
            }
        }
        JsValue::WellKnownFunction(
            WellKnownFunctionKind::PathJoin
            | WellKnownFunctionKind::PathResolve(_)
            | WellKnownFunctionKind::FsReadMethod(_)
            | WellKnownFunctionKind::FsReadDir
            | WellKnownFunctionKind::ChildProcessSpawnMethod(_)
            | WellKnownFunctionKind::ChildProcessFork,
        ) => {
            if ignore {
                return Ok((
                    JsValue::unknown(v, true, rcstr!("ignored well known function")),
                    Modified::Yes,
                ));
            } else {
                return Ok((v, Modified::No));
            }
        }
        JsValue::FreeVar(ref kind) => match &**kind {
            "__dirname" => as_abs_path(origin_path.parent()).into(),
            "__filename" => as_abs_path(origin_path.clone()).into(),

            "require" => JsValue::unknown_if(
                ignore,
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::Require),
                true,
                rcstr!("ignored require"),
            ),
            "import" => JsValue::unknown_if(
                ignore,
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::Import),
                true,
                rcstr!("ignored import"),
            ),
            "Worker" => JsValue::unknown_if(
                ignore,
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::WorkerConstructor),
                true,
                rcstr!("ignored Worker constructor"),
            ),
            "SharedWorker" => JsValue::unknown_if(
                ignore,
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::SharedWorkerConstructor),
                true,
                rcstr!("ignored SharedWorker constructor"),
            ),
            "define" => JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::Define),
            "URL" => JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::URLConstructor),
            "process" => JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::NodeProcessModule),
            "Object" => JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::GlobalObject),
            "Buffer" => JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::NodeBuffer),
            "navigator" => JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::Navigator),
            "__turbopack_emit__" => {
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::TurbopackEmit)
            }
            "__turbopack_collect__" => {
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::TurbopackCollect)
            }
            _ => return Ok((v, Modified::No)),
        },

        JsValue::Module(ref mv) => {
            if *compile_time_info.environment().node_externals().await?
                && let Some(external) = module_value_to_well_known_object(mv)
            {
                external
            } else if cross_module_constants
                && (mv
                    .annotations
                    .as_ref()
                    .and_then(|a| a.turbopack_constants())
                    .unwrap_or(mv.analyze_for_constants))
                && let cache = {
                    // Without this inline block, constants_cache.lock() is held across the await
                    // point below.
                    let constants_cache = constants_cache.lock();
                    constants_cache
                        .get(mv)
                        .as_ref()
                        .map(|v| v.as_ref().map(|v| v.clone_in(arena.get_or_default())))
                }
                && let cache_entry = (if let Some(cache_entry) = cache {
                    cache_entry
                } else {
                    let module = module_value_to_constants_module(
                        arena,
                        mv,
                        compile_time_info,
                        import_references,
                    )
                    .await?;
                    constants_cache.lock().insert(
                        mv.clone(),
                        module.as_ref().map(|v| v.clone_in(arena.get_or_default())),
                    );
                    module
                })
                && let Some(module) = cache_entry
            {
                module
            } else {
                v.into_unknown(true, rcstr!("cross module analyzing is not yet supported"))
            }
        }
        JsValue::Argument(..) => v.into_unknown(
            true,
            rcstr!("cross function analyzing is not yet supported"),
        ),
        _ => {
            let (mut v, mut modified) =
                replace_well_known(arena, v, compile_time_info, allow_project_root_tracing).await?;
            if replace_builtin(arena.get_or_default(), &mut v).is_modified() {
                modified = Modified::Yes;
            }
            if !modified.is_modified() {
                modified = Modified::from(v.make_nested_operations_unknown());
            }
            return Ok((v, modified));
        }
    };
    Ok((value, Modified::Yes))
}

async fn require_resolve_visitor<'a>(
    arena: &'a ThreadLocal<Bump>,
    origin: Vc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    args: BumpVec<'a, JsValue<'a>>,
) -> Result<JsValue<'a>> {
    Ok(if args.len() == 1 {
        let pat = js_value_to_pattern(&args[0]);
        let request = Request::parse(pat.clone());
        let resolved = cjs_resolve_source(
            origin,
            request,
            CommonJsReferenceSubType::Undefined,
            None,
            ResolveErrorMode::Warn,
        )
        .to_resolved()
        .await?;
        let mut values = resolved
            .await?
            .primary_sources()
            .map(async |source| Ok(require_resolve(source.ident().await?.path.clone()).into()))
            .try_join()
            .await?;

        match values.len() {
            0 => JsValue::unknown(
                JsValue::call_from_parts(
                    arena.get_or_default(),
                    JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireResolve),
                    args,
                ),
                false,
                rcstr!("unresolvable request"),
            ),
            1 => values.pop().unwrap(),
            _ => JsValue::alternatives(BumpVec::from_iter_in(arena.get_or_default(), values)),
        }
    } else {
        JsValue::unknown(
            JsValue::call_from_parts(
                arena.get_or_default(),
                JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireResolve),
                args,
            ),
            true,
            rcstr!("only a single argument is supported"),
        )
    })
}

async fn require_context_visitor<'a>(
    arena: &'a ThreadLocal<Bump>,
    origin: Vc<Box<dyn ResolveOrigin>>,
    origin_path: &FileSystemPath,
    args: BumpVec<'a, JsValue<'a>>,
) -> Result<JsValue<'a>> {
    let options = match parse_require_context(&args) {
        Ok(options) => options,
        Err(err) => {
            return Ok(JsValue::unknown(
                JsValue::call_from_parts(
                    arena.get_or_default(),
                    JsValue::WellKnownFunction(WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireContext),
                    args,
                ),
                true,
                PrettyPrintError(&err).to_string().into(),
            ));
        }
    };

    let dir = origin_path.parent().join(options.dir.as_str())?;

    let map = RequireContextMap::generate(
        origin,
        dir,
        options.include_subdirs,
        options.filter.cell(),
        None,
        ResolveErrorMode::Warn,
    );

    Ok(JsValue::WellKnownFunction(
        WellKnownFunctionKind::RequireContextRequire(Box::new(
            RequireContextValue::from_context_map(map).await?,
        )),
    ))
}

pub static TURBOPACK_HELPER: LazyLock<Atom> = LazyLock::new(|| atom!("__turbopack-helper__"));
pub static TURBOPACK_HELPER_WTF8: LazyLock<Wtf8Atom> =
    LazyLock::new(|| atom!("__turbopack-helper__").into());

/// Detects whether a list of arguments is specifically
/// `(process.argv[0], ['-e', ...])`. This is useful for detecting if a node
/// process is being spawned to interpret a string of JavaScript code, and does
/// not require static analysis.
fn is_invoking_node_process_eval(args: &[JsValue<'_>]) -> bool {
    if args.len() < 2 {
        return false;
    }

    if let JsValue::Member(_, obj, constant) = &args[0] {
        // Is the first argument to spawn `process.argv[]`?
        if let (
            JsValue::WellKnownObject(WellKnownObjectKind::NodeProcessArgv),
            JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Num(ConstantNumber(num))),
        ) = (&**obj, &**constant)
        {
            // Is it specifically `process.argv[0]`?
            if num.is_zero()
                && let JsValue::Array {
                    total_nodes: _,
                    items,
                    mutable: _,
                } = &args[1]
            {
                // Is `-e` one of the arguments passed to the program?
                if items.iter().any(|e| {
                    if let JsValue::Constant(JsConstantValue::Str(ConstantString::Atom(arg))) = e {
                        arg == "-e"
                    } else {
                        false
                    }
                }) {
                    // If so, this is likely spawning node to evaluate a string, and
                    // does not need to be statically analyzed.
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    false
}